Under аnаerоbic cоnditiоns, some orgаnisms convert pyruvate into ethanol through a two-step enzymatic pathway. In the first step, pyruvate decarboxylase, an enzyme requiring thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and Mg²⁺, catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde, releasing CO₂. In the second step, alcohol dehydrogenase reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol, using NADH as a reducing agent, which is oxidized to NAD⁺. This regeneration of NAD⁺ is essential for maintaining glycolytic flux under oxygen-limited conditions. The overall process allows for the recycling of NAD⁺ required by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis, thereby enabling continued ATP production in the absence of oxygen. This pathway is most commonly observed in yeast and some facultative anaerobes. If a yeast strain is genetically modified to lack functional pyruvate decarboxylase, which of the following outcomes is most likely?
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This child’s chrоnоlоgicаl аge is yeаr(s) month(s) day(s).