Which оf the ecоnоmic policies of Alexаnder Hаmilton encountered the most opposition?
In respоnse tо the Bоston Teа Pаrty, British Pаrliament
Lоuis Pаsteur, the French scientist (1822 - 1895) is cоnsidered оne of the founders of microbiology. One of the historicаl debаtes he became involved in was the question of 'spontaneous generation' - that life could form spontaneously from only basic elements. Pasteur was a strong critic of the idea. Consider the following historical case from Pasteur's life. In 1859, Pouchet, Director of the Natural History Museum in Rouen, claimed that he could bring about spontaneous generation whenever he wished. His demonstration consisted of taking a flask of boiling water, sealing it tightly and then plunging it upside down into a bath of mercury. Once the water had cooled down, the flask was opened in the mercury and half a litre of pre-sterilised oxygen as well as a little hay infusion were introduced. A microbial population regularly developed after a few days. Pasteur demonstrated that by eliminating the mercury from the experiment, he avoided contaminating the liquids and the air. He then conducted those famous experiments in his swan-neck flasks. Having introduced a culture broth into a flask, he heated the neck in a flame and then bent it into the shape of an “S” (hence the name “swan-neck”). Vapour from the boiling broth expelled the air via the opening in the s-shaped tube. The flask cooled down and the outside air entered slowly, without having been heated or filtered, but having been sterilised by the humidity of the tube which retained the germs which were unable to get past the bend in the swan-neck. As the s-shaped tube remained open, the air on the inside and outside of the flask communicated freely but the broth remained sterile indefinitely. The lack of air was therefore not responsible for the fact that life did not appear. Moreover, the broth retained the elements that were necessary for the development of life as, when the neck of the flask was broken, microbial life appeared quickly. Which of the following aspects of the scientific method were relevant in this case? (Choose all that apply)