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Mоdule 2: Wаter аnd Chemistry оf Life Applicаtiоn Exam Write your answers to Problems 1 to 6 on a piece of paper Problem 1 For the molecule shown below: A. Draw the molecule shown and label all bonds in this molecule as either polar covalent (P), non-polar covalent (NP) or ionic (I) and indicate whether there are any partial or full charges on any of the elements. Element Atomic Number Electronegativity Carbon (C) 6 2.5 Hydrogen (H) 1 2.1 Magnesium (Mg) 12 1.2 Bromine 17 2.8 Oxygen 8 3.5 Magnesium Bromide molecule.jpg Use the following table to answer problems 2 and 3 Element Atomic Number Electronegativity Hydrogen (H) 1 2.1 Oxygen (O) 8 3.5 Nitrogen (N) 7 2.5 Problem 2 Molecules are formed so that the valence shell of each atom in the molecule is full. For each of the atoms in the table above, draw a model that shows the number of electrons in the valence shell of each atom. Problem 3 Draw the structure of a molecule that could be made using 1 nitrogen, 2 oxygen and 1 hydrogen atoms. Do not worry about whether the molecule is actually stable in nature, just try to fill the electron shells. Label all bonds as either polar covalent, non-polar covalent or ionic; and indicate whether there are any partial or full charges on any of the elements. Determine the bond type from the electronegativities Your molecule needs to have one double bond. Problem 4 Draw the structure of a molecule that could be made using at least one atom of all four of the elements shown in the table below (C, H, O and F). Note, you can use more than on atom of any of the elements, but you have to use at least one of all of them. Do not worry about whether the molecule is actually stable in nature, just try to fill the electron shells. Label all bonds as either polar covalent, non-polar covalent or ionic; and indicate whether there are any partial or full charges on any of the elements. Determine the bond type from the electronegativities Element Atomic Number Electronegativity Carbon (C) 6 2.5 Hydrogen (H) 1 2.1 Oxygen (O) 8 3.5 Fluorine 9 4.0 IMPORTANT: If the difference in electronegativities between two elements is 0.5 or 1.5, then use the bond type below this threshold value. Problem 5 For each of the molecules shown below: Draw the molecules shown below. Label any partial charges that are present Draw water molecules anywhere where there would be an attraction between water and the molecule. Label the partial charges on the water molecules and use a dotted line to show the part of the water molecule that is attracted to the molecule you have drawn. Electronegativities: O=3.5, H=2.1, C=2.5, N=3.0, F=4.0 Serotonin.jpg 5-fluoro uracil, 5-FU.jpg Problem 6 One of these molecules is hydrophobic and will cross the blood brain barrier. Determine which of these molecules would likely be able to cross the blood-brain barrier AND explain why it will cross and why the other molecule will not cross. Follow these directions CAREFULLY to upload your answers: You can now get your phone and take a picture of your answers. With your webcam still on, take a picture of our exam answers and email me your answers from your phone (angela.hodgson@ndsu.edu) Type "Done" in the submission box below, and submit this exam.