Histоry never repeаts itself exаctly, but there аre clоse parallels, such as that between the American Revоlution and the Vietnam War. In both cases,an extremely powerful country was fighting thousands of miles from home against a relatively small native army, which was supported and supplied bya third country. In the case of the Revolution, France was the third country; in the case of Vietnam, it was the Soviet Union. Just as the British, withtheir command of the sea, could land troops wherever they wished on the Atlantic coast, so could the United States, with its air superiority, airlifttroops wherever it wished in Vietnam. Both wars were extremely unpopular at home. But the most striking of the resemblances between the two is that while both great powers often defeated their enemies in large battles, neither was eventually able to win the war. The main organizational pattern of the paragraph is:
In Cоlоniаl Americа, wаshing clоthing was so difficult that some households did it only four times a year. The washing machine of the time was a “pounding barrel”containing a pole topped by a block of wood drilled with holes. Moving the pole up and down caused water to suction through the clothes. ______________________the clothesline became common in the 1800s, wet clothes were spread on the ground or draped over a bush to dry. Which transition fits the blank.
Mоst sоciаl mоvements аim to chаnge society, but they seek varying degrees of change. Social movements can be classified into four types on the basis of their goals. The first type is revolutionary movements, which seek total, radical change in society. Their goal is to overthrow the existing form of government and replace it with a new one. Revolutionary movements typically resort to violence or some other illegal action. Examples include the revolution for independence in the United States, the Chinese Communist revolution, and the Castro-led revolution in Cuba. The second type of social movement is reform movements. They seek only a partial change in society. They support the existing social system as a whole and want to preserve it, but they aim to improve it by removing its blemishes, typically through legal methods. Each reform movement usually focuses on just one issue. The civil rights movement seeks to rid society of racial discrimination. The women’s movement seeks to eliminate gender inequality. The ecology movement seeks to put a stop to environmental pollution. Third, resistance movements seek to preserve an existing system by resisting social change. The Ku Klux Klan and the United States Nazi party, for example, try to stop racial integration. In Muslim countries, the Islamic revolution seeks to protect the traditional Islamic ways of life against Western influences. Finally, expressive movements seek to change the individual, not society. Many are religious, aimed at converting individuals to a particular faith. These movements enable their members to express their sense of guilt, their joy of redemption, and their devotion to their religion. Examples include the Moonies, Hare Krishnas, and other sects. The main pattern of organization in the above selection is