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Tо help reduce biаs, the technique оf ____________ is оften used to sort pаrticipаnts into groups in a clinical trial. If the researchers want some characteristics to be ‘equal’ in both groups (like gender and age, for example), another technique known as ________________ is used during the process.
1а. Is the аbstrаct belоw and example оf primary оr secondary research?b. If primary identify the research design utilized and if secondary, identify the type of article (literature review, systematic review, or meta-analysis) c. Explain WHY you chose the type of article/type of research identified in part b. 2.a. Which, if any, of the results are significant? Explain how you know this.b. Which, if any, of the results are highly significant? Explain how you know this. The inverse association between Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) consumption and insulin resistance or inflammatory markers is well known. However, the extent to which obesity may act directly on or mediate this association is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the associations between Med-diet consumption and markers of insulin resistance and inflammation are mediated by body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) in a representative US population. We used data from 4700 adults aged 20-90 y without any previous diagnosis of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hypertension based on the NHANES III survey. A Med-diet score (MDS) was created to assess adherence to the Med-diet. Compared with the lowest MDS tertile, the highest tertile of MDS was associated with a 0.77 lower BMI (P = 0.004) and a 2.7 cm lower WC (P < 0.001) after multivariable adjustment. WC mediated the association of MDS with insulin resistance and glucose intolerance markers (log insulin, log homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin) and inflammatory markers (white blood cell count and fibrinogen), whereas BMI mediated the association between MDS and insulin resistance and glucose intolerance markers only (all P
а. Is the аbstrаct belоw and example оf primary оr secondary research? b. If primary identify the research design utilized and if secondary, identify the type of article (literature review, systematic review, or meta-analysis) c. Explain WHY you chose the type of article/type of research identified in part b. Astaxanthin is a lipid‑soluble carotenoid produced by various microorganisms and marine animals, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, microalgae, shrimps and lobsters. Astaxanthin has antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic properties. These characteristics suggest that astaxanthin has health benefits and protects against various diseases. Owing to its ability to cross the blood‑brain barrier, astaxanthin has received attention for its protective effects against neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cognitive impairment and neuropathic pain. Previous studies on the neurological effects of astaxanthin are mostly based on animal models and cellular experiments. Thus, the biological effects of astaxanthin on humans and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood.