Whаt is а wоrk оf аrt executed directly оn a wall called?
(07.05 MC) Reаd the fоllоwing excerpt cаrefully befоre you choose your аnswer. This excerpt is taken from a letter written by a father to his son. "Do not think that I mean to dictate as a parent; I only mean to advise as a friend, and an indulgent one too: and do not apprehend that I mean to check your pleasures; of which, on the contrary, I only desire to be the guide, not the censor. Let my experience supply your want of it, and clear your way in the progress of your youth of those thorns and briers which scratched and disfigured me in the course of mine." The tone of this excerpt can best be described as
(06.01 HC) Reаd the fоllоwing pаssаge carefully befоre you choose your answer. This passage is taken from a speech given by President Ronald Reagan to the people of West Berlin in 1987. (1) Chancellor Kohl, Governing Mayor Diepgen, ladies and gentlemen: Twenty-four years ago, President John F. Kennedy visited Berlin, speaking to the people of this city and the world at the City Hall. (2) Well, since then two other presidents have come, each in his turn, to Berlin. (3) And today I, myself, make my second visit to your city. (4) We come to Berlin, we American presidents, because it's our duty to speak, in this place, of freedom. (5) But I must confess, we're drawn here by other things as well: by the feeling of history in this city, more than 500 years older than our own nation; by the beauty of the Grunewald and the Tiergarten; most of all, by your courage and determination. (6) Perhaps the composer Paul Lincke understood something about American presidents. (7) You see, like so many presidents before me, I come here today because wherever I go, whatever I do: Ich hab noch einen Koffer in Berlin. [I still have a suitcase in Berlin.] (8) Our gathering today is being broadcast throughout Western Europe and North America. (9) I understand that it is being seen and heard as well in the East. (10) To those listening throughout Eastern Europe, a special word: Although I cannot be with you, I address my remarks to you just as surely as to those standing here before me. (11) For I join you, as I join your fellow countrymen in the West, in this firm, this unalterable belief: Es gibt nur ein Berlin. [There is only one Berlin.] (12) Behind me stands a wall that encircles the free sectors of this city, part of a vast system of barriers that divides the entire continent of Europe. (13) From the Baltic, south, those barriers cut across Germany in a gash of barbed wire, concrete, dog runs, and guard towers. Farther south, there may be no visible, no obvious wall. But there remain armed guards and checkpoints all the same—still a restriction on the right to travel, still an instrument to impose upon ordinary men and women the will of a totalitarian state. (14) Yet it is here in Berlin where the wall emerges most clearly; here, cutting across your city, where the news photo and the television screen have imprinted this brutal division of a continent upon the mind of the world. (15) Standing before the Brandenburg Gate, every man is a German, separated from his fellow men. Every man is a Berliner, forced to look upon a scar. Which of the following sentences, if placed before sentence 12, would provide the most effective introduction to the topic of the paragraph?
(06.07 MC) Reаd the fоllоwing pаssаge carefully befоre you choose your answer. The following passage is an excerpt of an online article on teens and sleep. (1) In October 2019, the state of California passed a new law that mandates a change to the starting times for the state's public schools. (2) The law—which was supported by the California Medical Association, the California Psychiatric Association, the CDC, and the American Academy of Pediatrics—requires middle schools to start no earlier than 8:00 a.m. and high schools to start no earlier than 8:30 a.m. (3) The law is a state-level solution to a problem that doctors, school administrators, and researchers have been justifiably lamenting for decades: adolescents need eight to ten hours of sleep per night, but more than two thirds of high schoolers get less than that. (4) Even more troubling, about forty percent of students get fewer than six hours. (5) Simply telling teenagers to go to bed earlier isn't effective; teens build up sleep pressure—the regulatory force that builds up and allows a person to both fall and stay asleep—more slowly than adults or younger children. (6) For this reason, they are simply not equipped to fall asleep earlier on command; they are truly designed to go to bed later and sleep later into the morning. (7) Sleep deprivation among adolescents has been proven to affect overall health, often resulting in weakened immune systems and other problems. (8) It also compromises memory consolidation, thus resulting in decreased overall academic performance as reflected in lower test scores. (9) If that's not enough to support later start times, consider this: one school district that voluntarily implemented the time changes long before the California law reported a 70% reduction in student car crashes. (10) It's tough to argue with data that shows an increase in student safety in addition to an increase in student performance. (11) Despite this rather obvious data in support of later start times, many school administrators lament the challenges of bus schedules, lunch services, childcare, and even athletic practices, all of which have traditionally been built around much earlier start times than the 8:00 to 8:30 a.m. requirements. (12) But the experts are emphatic in reminding the public that the challenges are worth facing, and the adjusted start times will result in greater health and safety and increased student learning. The writer understands that the audience for this article is mostly specialists conducting clinical sleep studies. Which of the following revisions should the writer make, adjusting punctuation as needed, in consideration of the target audience?