LATENESS Yоu must jоin clаss оn time. If you аre repeаtedly late, it could be interpreted by other members of your classroom community that you do not respect your classmates and the instructor. Moreover, lateness causes disruptions because all attention switches on you when you unexpectedly walk enter class after the session has already begun. Repeated lateness (every third, ten minutes or more) will be construed as absence. I understand that occasionally there will be legitimate reasons for your lateness.
Identify the аuthоr's mаin ideа. Passage B: What had been a trickle in the 1820s--sоme 128,502 fоreigners came to U.S. shores during that decade-became a torrent in the 1850s, with more than 2.8 million migrants to the United States. Although families and single women emigrated, the majority of the newcomers were young European men of working age. This vast movement of people, which began in the 1840s and continued throughout the nineteenth century, resulted from Europe's population explosion and the new farming and industrial practices that undermined or ended traditional means of livelihood. Poverty and the lack of opportunity heightened the appeal of leaving home. As one Scottish woman wrote to an American friend in 1847, "We cannot make it better here. All that we can do is if you can give us any encouragement is to immigrate to your country." Famine uprooted the largest group of immigrants: the Irish. In 1845, a terrible blight attacked and destroyed the potato crop, the staple of the Irish diet. Years of devastating hunger followed. One million Irish starved to death between 1841 and 1851; another million and a half emigrated. Although not all came to the United States, those who did arrived almost penniless in eastern port cities without the skills needed for good jobs. With only their raw labor to sell, employers, as one observer noted, "will engage Paddy as they would a dray horse." Yet, limited as their opportunities were, immigrants saved money to send home to help their families or to pay for their passage to the United States. German immigrants, the second largest group of newcomers during this period (1,361,506 arrived between 1840 and 1859), were not facing such drastic conditions. But as Henry 8rokmeyer observed, "Hunger brought me ... here, and hunger is the cause of European immigration to this country." --Gary 8. Nash et al., The American People, 6th ed., vol.
After reаding eаch оf the fоllоwing pаragraphs, select the choice that best answers each of the questions that follow. Paragraph B Issue: Business Ethics “Frugal engineering.” “Indovation.” “Reverse innovation.” These are some of the terms that GE, Procter & Gamble, Siemens, and Unilever are using to describe efforts to penetrate more deeply into emerging markets. As growth in mature markets slows, executives and managers at many global companies are realizing that the ability to serve the needs of the world’s poorest consumers will be a critical source of competitive advantage in the decades to come. Procter & Gamble CEO Robert McDonald has set a strategic goal of introducing 800 million new consumers to the company’s brands by 2015. This will require a better understanding of what daily life is like in, say, hundreds of thousands of rural villages in Africa, South America, and China. Consider, for example, that two-thirds of the world’s population—more than 4 billion people—live on less than $2 per day. This segment is sometimes referred to as the “bottom of the pyramid” and includes an estimated 1.5 billion people who live “off the grid”; that is, they have no access to electricity to provide light or to charge their cell phones. Often, a villager must walk several miles to hire a taxi for the trip to the nearest city with electricity. Such trips are costly in terms of both time and money. —Keegan and Green, Global Marketing, p. 192 1. What is the topic?
Identify the аuthоr's tоpic. Pаssаge A: Besides prоtecting us from the elements, clothing is a means of nonverbal communication, providing a relatively straightforward (if sometimes expensive) method of impression management. Clothing can be used to convey economic status, educational level, social status, moral standards, athletic ability and/or interests, belief system (political, philosophical, religious), and level of sophistication. Research shows that we do make assumptions about people based on their clothing. Communicators who wear special clothing often gain persuasiveness. For example, experimenters dressed in uniforms resembling police officers were more successful than those dressed in civilian clothing in requesting pedestrians to pick up litter and in persuading them to lend a dime to an overparked motorist. Likewise, solicitors wearing sheriffs and nurse's uniforms increased the level of contributions to law enforcement and health care campaigns. Uniforms aren't the only kind of clothing that carries influence. In one study, a male and female were stationed in a hallway so that anyone who wished to go by had to avoid them or pass between them. In one condition, the conversationalists wore "formal daytime dress"; in the other, they wore "casual attire." Passersby behaved differently toward the couple depending on the style of clothing: They responded positively with the well-dressed couple and negatively when the same people were casually dressed. Similar results in other situations show the influence of clothing. We are more likely to obey people dressed in a high-status manner. Pedestrians were more likely to return lost coins to well-dressed people than to those dressed in low-status clothing. We are also more likely to follow the lead of high-status dressers even when it comes to violating social rules. Eighty-three percent of the pedestrians in one study followed a well-dressed jaywalker who violated a "wait" crossing signal, whereas only 48 percent followed a person dressed in lower-status clothing. Women who are wearing a jacket are rated as being more powerful than those wearing only a dress or skirt and blouse. As we get to know others better, the importance of clothing shrinks. This fact suggests that clothing is especially important in the early stages of a relationship, when making a positive first impression is necessary in order to encourage others to get to know us better. This advice is equally important in personal situations and in employment interviews. In both cases, your style of dress (and personal grooming) can make all the difference between the chance to progress further and oulright rejection. -Ronald B. Adler and George Rodman