Which оf the fоllоwing is а key feаture of first-person nаrration?a) The narrator knows the thoughts of all characters.b) The narrator speaks using "I" or "we."c) The narrator is a neutral observer, without any opinions.d) The narrator uses "he," "she," or "they" to describe events.
PhD Preliminаry Exаm Questiоns PART I: Stаtistics and Methоds, Pоlicy and Economics Thursday, January 8, 2026 10:00am-4:00pm STUDENT NAME: _____________________________________________ Instructions: Smartphones must be turned off and given to the proctor before the exam starts. During restroom breaks, you may not use or carry your smartphone. Write your full name at the top of this page. Provide complete, thoughtful answers to all questions. Be sure to look at the maximum word limit for each question. Any written text beyond the maximum word limit will not be reviewed. Provide separate answers to each subpart and number them accordingly. Save your answers every 15 minutes and keep your answers on the desktop. PART I of the exam has a total of 50 points. Try to answer all of the questions asked. If you are having difficulty with a single question, do not get bogged down. Move on, and return to the problem later. Please refrain from asking questions during the exam unless you honestly believe that there is an error in one of the questions. Do NOT use generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools (such as ChatGPT, Copilot, etc.) during this exam; your answers should be based on your own knowledge and skills. No other materials (e.g., scrap paper, blue book, etc.) will be accepted for grading. You have a total of 6 hours (until 4:00pm) to complete the exam. Try to relax and remember what you have learned. Good luck! With my signature below, I attest that I worked independently to complete the exam and did not use generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools to create written answers to exam questions. _________________________________________________ Student Signature QUESTION 1. (12.5 points): Statistics A research team conducted a study to evaluate factors associated with short-term weight loss among 73 adults enrolled in a structured 8-week dietary counseling program. The primary outcome measure was total weight loss (kg). Key independent variables included demographic characteristics such as Gender (62% female), Age (mean = 48.6 years), and Educational Attainment (mean = 13.2 years); Past Year Weight Loss (kg); and two psychosocial constructs: Social Support (measured on a scale of 1–10, with higher scores denoting higher levels of social support) and Motivation (measured on a scale of 1–20, with higher scores denoting higher levels of motivation). The researchers estimated a model to examine how these factors collectively relate to weight-loss outcomes. The resulting estimates are reported in Table 1. Answer the questions below based on this information. Table 1. Estimates of Factors Associated with Weight Loss in the 8-Week Dietary Counseling Program Variable β SE p-value Gender (1=female) 1.20 0.62 0.056 Age (years) –0.06 0.03 0.052 Past Year Weight Loss (kg) 1.65 0.38