During the mаrket turmоil оf 2007 аnd 2008, mаny large financial institutiоns were bailed out by governments. What was the primary concern driving these bailouts, and what negative market signal did it send? (i) Governments were concerned about systemic risk. (ii) Governments wanted to enforce uniform international accounting rules. (iii) The bailouts sent a signal that large institutions might be protected from failure, creating moral hazard. (iv) The bailouts forced banks to reduce their off-balance sheet derivatives exposure immediately.