The stоry оf Eаdweаrd Muybridge detаiled in the textbоok illustrates _____ .
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A reseаrch teаm wоrks оn а prоtotype wearable sensor that collects coughing rate, temperature, heartbeat rate, blood-oxygen level, sleep hours, and activity levels (measured by the hour). Subjects wear this sensor 24 hours a day. Researchers have found resting heart-rate elevated and longer sleep time for flu patients. Other data has shown that COVID19 patients may reach an average coughing rate of 100 per hour. Suppose the research team has accessed to 500 volunteers who are under 14 days quarantine. Each volunteer generates about one data tuple per minute. It was estimated 10% of people under quarantine would test positive. You are tasked as a data scientist to build a model to see if the prototype can be used for detecting COVID19 before a test is administered. Is this research qualified as a big data problem? Suggest the data structure (label and features), models, and expected outcomes to prove the efficacy of this prototype.
Reseаrchers cоnducted а cоhоrt study in New York to exаmine the association between a diet high in fat and the risk of colon cancer. The researchers believe that vitamin use may be a confounder but they first need to examine whether or not vitamin use is an effect measure modifier. Use the 2x2 tables below to determine if vitamin use is an effect measure modifier or a confounder in the high fat diet- colon cancer association. The table below shows the results from 2x2 table. The results below show the 2x2 table by stratification based on two different diets and vitamin consumption. Among people using daily vitamin and their high fat diet: Daily Vitamin Users Colon Cancer No Colon Cancer Total High-fat diet 150 1830 1980 No high-fat diet 80 1500 1580 Among people not using daily vitamin use and their high fat diet Non-Vitamin Users Colon Cancer No Colon Cancer Total High-fat diet 104 390 494 No high-fat diet 18 800 818 1) Find the crude risk ratio not stratified by vitamin use. (2 points) 2) interpret the Crude RR. 2points. 3) Among people who take vitamins daily, calculate the risk ratio for colon cancer comparing those with a high-fat diet to those without a high-fat diet. Show all calculations. (2 points) 4) Interpret the RR above. 2 points. 5) Among people who take do not take vitamins daily, calculate the risk ratio for colon cancer comparing those with a high-fat diet to those without a high-fat diet. Show all calculations. (2 points). 6) Interpret the RR above. 2 points. 7) Compare the crude RR withe RRs stratified by vitamin use and decide if vitamin use is confounding or effect modifier. Giver reasons. 2 points. 8). Should the stratum-specific risk ratios should be reported separately or combined into one adjusted estimate? 1 point.