This is а discussiоn questiоn it is wоrth 10% of your grаde on this test аnd only 1 of these needs to be completed for a grade. You will see the point values per each question in the discussion question, this must be hand graded once the due date passes. You may answer this in essay format, short answer format, use bullet points or other listing methods. It is totally up to you. The second discussion question can be completed for bonus points on this exam. Discuss the effects of preload, contractility and afterload as they impact stroke volume. What is preload (1 POINT)? What is contractility (1 POINT)? What is afterload (1 POINT)? What impact do each of these have on stroke volume (3 POINTS)? What impact do each of these have on cardiac output (3 POINTS)? If heart rate suddenly increases, what changes would we expect to see with stroke volume and cardiac output (1 POINT)?