In virtuаlly every аcаdemic field, accоrding tо Jacоbs, scientific reasoning is absent: The combination of the appearance of professional respect for scientific rigor coupled with professional contempt for scientifically rigorous behavior is toxic, a poison that infects more activities in North America than the few I have pointed out here. It cripples foreign aid programs, pedagogy, and illegal-drug policies, and it promotes dubious and harmful medical treatment fads, nutrition and other lifestyle advice, and agricultural recommendations. (99) Below is a paraphrase of the above passage; decided if it is plagiarized or not plagiarized. Jacobs warns of many future problems for North Americans because of the unwillingness of workers in every industry to engage in scientific thinking that requires hypotheses, testing, and evidence (99).