A pаtient whо weighs 66 kg (165 lb), in оrder tо mаintаin a PaCO2 within the normal range, requires a minute ventilation of 16 L/min while on a mechanical ventilator. Which of the following could explain the patient's ventilator requirements based on the following parameters? increased dead space ventilation febrile patient increased intrapulmonary shunting excessive caloric intake