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Sоurce: The Itinerаry оf Benjаmin оf Tudelа by Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela After a five days' journey the great town of Constantinople is reached. It is the capital of the whole land which is called Greece. The circumference of the city of Constantinople is eighteen miles; half of it is surrounded by the sea, and half by land. It is a busy city, and merchants come to it from every country by sea or land, and there is none like it in the world except Bagdad, the great city of Islam. In Constantinople is the church of Santa Sophia (Hagia Sophia), and the seat of the Pope of the Greeks, since the Greeks do not obey the Pope of Rome... And in this church there are pillars of gold and silver, and lamps of silver and gold more than a man can count. Close to the walls of the palace is also a place of amusement belonging to the king, which is called the Hippodrome, and every year on the anniversary of the birth of Jesus the king gives a great entertainment there. And in that place men from all the races of the world come before the king and queen and they introduce lions, leopards, bears, and wild asses, and they engage them in combat with one another; and the same thing is done with birds. No entertainment like this is to be found in any other land. The Greek inhabitants are very rich in gold and precious stones, and they go clothed in garments of silk with gold embroidery, and they ride horses, and look like princes. Indeed, the land is very rich in all cloth stuffs, and in bread, meat, and wine. Wealth like that of Constantinople is not to be found in the whole world. Source: Procopius, Byzantine historian - Description of Hagia Sophia from AD 537. The church is singularly full of light and sunshine; you would declare that the place is not lighted by the sun from without, but that the rays are produced within itself, such an abundance of light is poured into this church.... A spherical-shaped dome standing upon this circle makes it exceedingly beautiful; from the lightness of the building, it does not appear to rest upon a solid foundation, but to cover the place beneath as though it were suspended from heaven by the fabled golden chain. All these parts surprisingly joined to one another in the air, suspended one from another, and resting only on that which is next to them, form the work into one admirably harmonious whole, which spectators do not dwell upon for long in the mass, as each individual part attracts the eye to itself. And whenever anyone enters this church to pray, he understands at once that it is not by any human power or skill, but by the influence of God, that this work has been so finely turned. And so his mind is lifted up toward God and exalted, feeling that He cannot be far away, but must especially love to dwell in this place which He has chosen. QUESTIONS: 1. How does Benjamin of Tudela describe the city of Constantinople? 2. How does Procopius describe the church of Hagia Sophia? 3. What do these two accounts tell us about Byzantine society and culture? Your answer must be in your own words- do not use direct quotes. Your answer must be a minimum of 200 words.