A you performs a neonatal echocardiogram on a premature infant experiencing worsening respiratory distress. The sonographer slides the transducer to the first left intercostal space, angling superiorly and rotating into a sagittal plane to profile the main pulmonary artery branching over the left atrium. This high left parasternal sagittal view is clinically optimized to verify the presence, size, and directional shunting of which specific cardiac structure?

Which condition is most commonly associated with cystic medial degeneration of the aorta?  

During a pediatric echocardiographic examination, your first image shows the abdominal aorta to the left and inferior vena cava to the right of the spine in their expected positions. Which situs classification is present?  

A 3-year-old child presents with a history of prolonged fever, conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, and swollen hands and feet. Which cardiac structure is the highest priority to evaluate during the echocardiographic examination?  

A predominantly left-to-right shunt with low-velocity, continuous flow pattern across a PDA on spectral Doppler most likely suggests which hemodynamic event?

During embryological cardiovascular morphogenesis, the primitive heart tube undergoes precise segmentation and division to form the mature cardiac structures. Failure of the truncus arteriosus segment to properly septate via the conotruncal ridges will directly affect the formation of which two mature cardiac vessels?  

A 72-year-old patient with severe aortic stenosis underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) three months ago and now presents with increasing dyspnea. Which echocardiographic finding is MOST concerning for prosthetic valve dysfunction?

According to ASE pediatric imaging recommendations, which principle should be performed FIRST during every congenital echocardiographic examination?

A 4-year-old is referred for evaluation of a heart murmur. According to ASE pediatric imaging recommendations, which additional imaging window is routinely required but is not part of a standard adult echocardiogram?  

While performing a routine echocardiogram on a newborn in the nursery you obtain the following 2D image in the parasternal LAX, SAX and apical 4 view. What is the most likely cardiac diagnosis based on this 2D image and what images are important to obtain?