During a test, VO₂ = 2.5 L/min and VCO₂ = 2.0 L/min. Calculate the RER. Is the client using more fat or more carbohydrate?Show your work. Give the RER and state whether the client is using more fat or more carbohydrate. A basic calculator is permitted.Quick referenceConversionFormulaL/min to mL/minL/min × 1,000Relative VO₂mL/min ÷ body mass (kg) = mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹METsrelative VO₂ ÷ 3.5RERVCO₂ ÷ VO₂ (below 0.85 = more fat; above 0.85 = more carbohydrate)Energy yieldCarbohydrate ≈ 4 kcal/g · Fat ≈ 9 kcal/g · Protein ≈ 4 kcal/gIntensityLight < 3 METs · Moderate 3–6 METs · Vigorous > 6 METs

When a cell is exposed to high levels of a hormone for a long time, it often responds by:

Which two factors drive the shift toward carbohydrate as exercise intensity rises?

In your own words, explain the crossover concept. Which fuel is used most at low intensity, and which at high intensity?Answer in 2–3 complete sentences.Word bank — use these terms to help build your answer. Some may be used more than once; some may not be used.absolute VO₂relative VO₂body weightEPOCphosphagen (ATP-PC)glycolysisoxidativehigh intensitylow intensityfatcarbohydratebody temperatureinsulinglucagonraiseslowers

Running costs about 100 kcal per mile. How many kilocalories does a 26.2-mile marathon cost?Show your work. Give the total in kcal. A basic calculator is permitted.Quick referenceConversionFormulaL/min to mL/minL/min × 1,000Relative VO₂mL/min ÷ body mass (kg) = mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹METsrelative VO₂ ÷ 3.5RERVCO₂ ÷ VO₂ (below 0.85 = more fat; above 0.85 = more carbohydrate)Energy yieldCarbohydrate ≈ 4 kcal/g · Fat ≈ 9 kcal/g · Protein ≈ 4 kcal/gIntensityLight < 3 METs · Moderate 3–6 METs · Vigorous > 6 METs

Which energy system supplies ATP the fastest for a maximal jump or short sprint?

A 400 m dash (about 55 seconds) relies mostly on:

Relative VO₂ is expressed in:

An AP of the knee is produced with an SID of 72” and an OID of 10”. What is the magnification factor?

If a grid has lead strips that are 2.4 mm high and the distance between them is 0.2 mm, what is the grid ratio?