Two plates are connected with two bolts and transmit load P = 4.5 kN. Each plate is 6.0 mm thick, and each bolt has a diameter of 10.7 mm. Determine the average shear stress in the bolts.

Three rubber bands are shown before and after being stretched. Before stretching, bands A, B and C have lengths of 80 mm, 120 mm, and 155 mm, respectively. After stretching, band A has a length of 100 mm, while bands B and C each have a length of 200 mm. Determine the minimum normal strain in the bands.

Three plates are connected with two bolts and transmit load P = 6.0 kN. Each plate is 5.1 mm thick, and each bolt has a diameter of 9.2 mm. Determine the average shear stress in the bolts.

_______ proteins would not span the entire lipid bilayer.

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Axial loads are applied with rigid bearing plates to the solid cylindrical rods shown. If F1 = 31 kips, F2 = 10 kips, F3 = 23 kips, and F4 = 36 kips, determine the absolute value of the axial load in rod (2).

Two plates are connected with two bolts and transmit load P = 7.6 kN. Each plate is 4.9 mm thick, and each bolt has a diameter of 9.0 mm. Determine the average shear stress in the bolts.

Rigid pipe (2) is supported by a pin connection at C and tie rod (1). The structure supports a load P = 14 kN at pin B. Assume x1 = 2.7 m, x2 = 1.6 m, and y1 = 4.3 m. Determine the force in tie rod (1).

A short column is loaded in compression. Segment (1) has a solid cross section with a diameter of 1.20 in. Segment (2) is hollow with an outside diameter of 1.56 in. and a wall thickness of 0.18 in. If segment (2) has a normal stress of 12 ksi, determine the normal stress in segment (1).

Two plates are connected with four bolts and transmit load P = 5.6 kN. Each plate is 5.4 mm thick, and each bolt has a diameter of 11.0 mm. Determine the average shear stress in the bolts.