Outside Sicily, Venice, and Spain, few Europeans knew Arabic, Greek, or Latin.

In terms of geography and natural resources, the Italian peninsula:

In portraying the human body, Hellenistic sculptors favored:

Muslim art is most strikingly different from the Byzantine, Persian, and Hellenistic models upon which it drew:

The greatest honor a Roman could hope to achieve was:

The Byzantine church of Santa Sophia was influential in the history of architecture because it:

Underlying the Carolingian renaissance was the basic conviction that:

Most urban manufacturing was done in large factories using water and wind mills.

Historians now refer to the period from 284 to 610 C.E. as Late Antiquity because:

During the Corinthian War (395–387 B.C.E.), Sparta fought against: