Instructions:This exam consists of multiple choice, true/fal…
Instructions:This exam consists of multiple choice, true/false, matching, and short answer questions.For multiple choice questions:Select the best response. If you see the words “Select all that apply,” then there is more that one right answer and you should select whichever you believe to apply.For short answer questions:I have provided a suggested number of sentences. This is a guideline only. If you need to write more than the suggested number of sentences to fully answer the question, you may do so. You will not be penalized for writing more or less. Please try to write in complete sentences. Your responses to these questions must be in your own words. If your responses are identical to what was said in class or in the textbook, you will not receive credit.**REFERENCE SHEET**Properties of Probability:Range of possible probability: 0 ≤ Pr(A) ≤ 1 Total probability: Pr(S) = 1 Complement: Pr(Ā) = 1 − Pr(A) Disjoint events (if A and B are disjoint): Pr(A ∪ B) = Pr(A) + Pr(B) Independent events (A and B are independent if…): Pr(A ∩ B) = Pr(A) × Pr(B) General rule of addition: Pr(A ∪ B) = Pr(A) + Pr(B) − Pr(A ∩ B) Conditional probability: Pr(B | A) = Pr(A ∩ B) / Pr(A) General rule for multiplication: Pr(A ∩ B) = Pr(A) × Pr(B | A) Total probability rule: Pr(B) = Pr(B ∩ A) + Pr(B ∩ Ā) Bayes’ theorem: Pr(A | B) = [Pr(B | A) × Pr(A)] / Pr(B) Binomial Distribution:Pr(X = x) = ₙCₓ pˣ qⁿ⁻ˣₙCₓ = n! / [x!(n − x)!]Normal Distribution:z score = (x − μ) / σSampling Distribution of a Mean:SEM = σ / √nz = (x̄ − μ) / SEMx̄ ± (z₁₋α⁄₂ × SEM)Sampling Distribution of a Proportion:SE = √(pq / n)z = (p̂ − p) / SEp̂ ± (z₁₋α⁄₂ × SE)Critical Value for alpha=0.05:z₁₋α⁄₂ = 1.96
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