The following is the ____________________________________: “We ought to do that which produces the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.”   See Mill’s Utilitarianism (pp. 125 – 127)

The following is an example of a Rule Utilitarian (RU):  “If the practice of lying is, overall, bad for the world in cases where one is tempted to lie, then one ought not to lie now, even if in this case to lie would actually bring about better consequences.”

Implications of the worldview of Naturalism (Scientific Atheism) for life and ethics:  . William Lane Craig argues (following Francis Schaeffer and the admission of atheists like Jean-Paul Sartre) that atheism is practically impossible to follow and be consistent because atheism eliminates three things from being real in life.  Which of the following is not one of the three things that Craig argues?

For Karl Marx, the “dictatorship of the proletariat” is the first stage of the synthesis.   In this stage, the proletariat use their newly gained political power to cleanse society of the last remnants of capitalism. . Historically, what happens in this stage?  

After World War I, people didn’t behave as Marxists predicted (that the workers of the world would unite), and instead turned to God and church, their countries (nationalism), and families.   This inspired the Frankfurt School of Marxism (in the 1920s) to begin the plan of Cultural Marxism in the USA to bring about the Marxist revolution.   Which of the following WAS NOT part of the plan of the Frankfurt School and Cultural Marxism?

The Moral Argument & Naturalism . J.L. MACKIE (famous atheist philosopher):   “If…there are… __________ values, they make the existence of a god more probable than it would have been without them. Thus we have a…defensible…argument from morality to the existence of a god.”  .  

Which is NOT a form of alienation for Marx?

The late philosopher from West Point, Louis Pojman, defends Bertrand Russell’s view that secular ethics can be saved, since “secular morality based on a notion of the good life is inspiring in itself, for it promotes human flourishing and can be shown to be in all of our interests, whether or not a God exists.”  (In Pojman’s Discovering Right and Wrong) Why do other atheists (Naturalists) like J.L. Mackie, Kai Nielsen, Michael Ruse and others disagree with Russell and Pojman? 

Naturalism (scientific atheism) and the Metaphysics of Physicalism (the claim only matter and energy exists in the universe) and implications for Ethics.  . Naturalists (scientific atheists) like Michael Ruse, Daniel Dennet, J.L. Mackie, D.M. Armstrong and personal theists like William Lane Craig all argue that, without God to create objective standards of good and evil and right and wrong, then moral values are just ___________________________. 

The Euthyphro Dilemma: Critiques of Personal Theism as providing a coherent account of God’s relationship to good and evil (right and wrong).   . The late philosopher at West Point, Louis Pojman, thought he had the Hebrew or Christian Divine Command Theorist in a corner with the “morality is arbitrary” problem that adherents of the DCT (Divine Command Theory) have.  Pojman thinks that there is no way around the moral instability that would result if the DCT is true.  Many problems surface.  For instance, Pojman thinks that the Divine Command Theorist is left with the epistemic problem of figuring out if the Judeo-Christian Scriptures (i.e. the Bible) are true.  Also, if morality is arbitrary then moral commands from God might be the same as moral commands from the devil (depending upon the day).  Finally, a God of love seems inconsistent with the ability to make it right to rape, torture, and kill people.  (Pojman, Discovering Right and Wrong, p. 196) . What response would Divine Nature Theorists say in response to Pojman’s analysis? (Instructor’s Document)