A mutation causes DNA ligase to become nonfunctional during DNA replication. Which outcome is most likely?   [Alignment Note: LO14E – Predict the effect of disrupting DNA ligase.]

The final electron acceptor during aerobic cellular respiration is______.

A woman with normal color vision, but whose father is red-green colorblind, mates with a man who is red-green colorblind. Knowing that red-green colorblindness is controlled by a gene on the X chromosome, what can you predict for their children with regard to inheritance of color vision?   [Alignment Note: LO13-C]

Recall that the gene for red or white eye color in fruit flies is X-linked, with the white color allele recessive. You examine a vial of 100 flies that are all offspring from a single genetic cross. In the vial you find that all females are red-eyed, while the males are about half red-eyed and half white-eyed. The genotypes of the parents were:   [Alignment Note: LO13-C]

Yellow fruit and dwarf vines are recessive traits in tomatoes. Red fruit and tall vines are dominant. Draw a punnett square and answer the questions for a completely dominant red and tall plant crossed with a heterozygous red and dwarf plant. What percent of the offspring will have yellow fruit and dwarf vines?

Use this model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the following question.        E = exon and I = intron         5′ – UTR – E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 – UTR – 3′ Which components in the mRNA molecule will also be found in the cytosol, after RNA processing?

MicroRNAs and small interfering RNAs both function similarly in “silencing” genes. What are two ways in which they may act?

The following diagram illustrates four genes from the genome of a certain mammal. Different binding sites are labeled in the enhancer region of each gene. In order for a specific gene to be expressed in the mammal’s cells, all of the gene’s binding sites must be bound by transcriptional activators. The mammal’s skin cells contain activators that bind to sites B, D, and E, while the mammal’s liver cells contain activators that bind to sites A, C, and E. Which of the following is a likely pattern of gene expression for the mammal described above?

Michelle and Keith are apparently normal, but their daughter was born with alkaptonuria, an inherited metabolic disorder. If alkaptonuria is like most other human hereditary disorders, the probability of their next child being born with alkaptonuria is __________.

During replication of DNA, which of the following enzymes adds new DNA nucleotide bases to the growing strand and follows base-pairing rules?