The gelatin-like material used in gel electrophoresis is called [a] gel. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by [b] and electrical charge.

Write the highlighted name of the material that performs the functions described below.   It breaks open the lipid bilayer cell membrane and nuclear membrane. [a] It precipitates DNA out of solution. [b]

  Name chloroplast structure A where light-dependent reactions occur. [a].   Name molecule E which is the source of carbon for making energy-rich sugar molecules. [b] Spell out the name of the molecule. Do not write the molecular formula.   Name the energy-rich sugar molecule D. [c]

Name chloroplast structure A where light-dependent reactions occur. [a]. Name the energy-rich sugar molecule D produced in the light-independent reactions. [b]   Name the gaseous molecule C produced in light-dependent reactions. [c] Spell out the name of the molecule. Do not write the molecular formula.

Convert standard notation to scientific notation. Type the symbol ^ before a superscript number. Example: Write 1.23 x 10-3 as 1.23 x 10^-3   Convert 16,000,000 to scientific notation. [a] Convert 0.000000016 to scientific notation. [b]

Convert 0.01 x 102 to standard notation. [a] Convert 1,234 x 10-3 to standard notation. [b]

Prepare 100 mL of 2% m/V HCl solution from a 20% m/V HCl stock solution. % m/V = (grams solute/mL of solution) x100   What volume of 20% m/v HCl is needed? [a] What volume of distilled water is used? [b]

Which tool provides centralized log analysis?

DNA fragments migrate through the gel towards the (positive or negative) electrode. [a] Choose your answer from the italicized words in the parenthesis.   The DNA standard that contains DNA fragments of known sizes (in base pairs, bp) is called a [b].

Name the PCR step that fits the description.   Step 1 – Double-stranded parent DNA is heated to 95oC to separate the two strands and form single-stranded DNA templates. Step 1 is called [a].   Step 2 – Single-stranded DNA template strands are cooled to 55oC. Primers attach to DNA and marks the start for Taq polymerase. Step 2 is called [b].