Which are the following are manifestations of osteoarthritis?

Which client requires treatment by placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt?

Which statement about the diagnostic tests for spinal cord injury is NOT correct?

A client diagnosed with an ischemic stroke receives IV recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA).  If the client still exhibits persistent vessel occlusion, which treatment strategy should be prescribed? 

In a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome, the health-care provider finds the possibility of performing plasmapheresis is low. Which other alternative treatment is recommended to produce the same effect as that of plasmapheresis?

The laboratory report of a client shows: arterial blood pH of 7.6, blood glucose level of 650 mg/dL, serum bicarbonate level of 19 mEq/L. What is the diagnosis?

Which diagnosis would require therapy to decrease the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate?

Which is a correct interpretation of a Babinski reflex test?

The client has: Computed tomography (CT) scan reveals the presence of bleeding elevated blood pressure cerebral edema IV administration of  IV mannitol What is the client’s diagnosis? 

Which client, with a cerebrovascular disorder, would require a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to accurately confirm the client’s condition?