In two to three sentences, describe one of the main differences between the thinking of children in Piaget’s stage three, concrete operations (middle school-age) and those in stage four, formal operations (12+ into high school). Include an example that demonstrates your comparison of the two ways of thinking (e.g., a question you could ask those children and how they might answer).

Which of the following reflexes goes away later in life?

In the standard graphic of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development, as seen in the lecture slides, which mental states of the child are outside of the zone, meaning they are less than optimal?

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According to the Kuhl reading, which of the following statements is TRUE of how babies hear language?

The groundbreaking (for its time) developmental psychology idea that Piaget and Vygotsky most obviously had in common is what?

Based on Piaget’s findings, teachers should NOT:

Sara is shown two identical wide cups each with 4 oz of lemonade in them and reports that they contain the same amount of lemonade. When a researcher pours the lemonade from one cup into a taller cup, Sara thinks there is now more lemonade in the tall cup than the wide cup. Which Piagetian concept is Sara demonstrating?

What are limitations of Piaget’s theories?

In the lectures, a video clip showed an infant’s eye tracking movements while watching an unmoving blue rectangle and a green ball crossing back and forth across the screen. What is an advantage of the methods used in this study?