Short answer: Answer the following question with a 2-3 sentence response:  As a means of portraying the hurt that such exclusions cause, the speaker portrays herself as a wounded deer. The inspiration for such imagery comes from Kate Clark’s Little Girl (2008), a photograph of which appears at the end of the first chapter. Little Girl is a mixed-media sculpture produced primarily from the hide of an infant caribou, but Clark has removed the animal’s face and in its place has reconstructed the face of a human girl from foam, clay, pins, and rubber eyes. The body of the figure is crouched on the ground, a defensive position. The face of the little girl gazes up at the viewer, impassive but scared. On the opposing page, the speaker recalls her encounter with her therapist. She walks toward the door “down a path bordered on both sides with deer grass and rosemary to the gate” (18). However, the speaker is soon revealed to be something closer to prey than a possible client. When the therapist yells at her, the speaker feels, “It’s as if a wounded Doberman pinscher or a German shepherd has gained the power of speech” (18). Although it is the therapist who is described as “wounded,” presumably to demarcate the level of fear she experiences, it is the speaker who seems wounded by the encounter. When remembering such encounters the speaker also frames them in deer-like terms. In order to deal with the pain she feels, the speaker states that in order “[t]o live through the days sometimes you moan like a deer” (59). Furthermore, Rankine likens herself to “an animal, the ruminant kind” (60), playing on the word rumination, a term that refers to chewing cud like a deer or to think deeply about something. The impression this creates is of the speaker figuratively throwing up her memories of racism into her mouth, chewing on them, and having to swallow them back down. What topos is being used here and how do you know? 

Analyze the following passages using the topoi to the best of your ability and/or connecting it to our course themes or discussion. The following passage comes form Mary Kathryn Nagle’s Sovereignty:  JOHN ROSS: We will prosecute anyone who rapes a woman on Cherokee lands.  [. . .] MAJOR RIDGE: Unanimously. On this, we can’t be divided. Our women are the foundation of our sovereignty. Without them, we have no nation. 

Short answer:  Answer with a 2-3 sentence-length response:  Why does Citizen end with an image of Turner’s slave ship? 

Write an essay-length response that takes up the question below. Your response should be five-paragraphs in length at minimum and have an introduction, body, and conclusion. Your body paragraphs should follow the “paraburger” model. However, since this is a closed note exam, I do not expect any direct citation from our works unless those passages are present in the exam itself. Instead, I expect your evidence to reference something in the work rather than quote it directly.  Essay Question:  1. Compare the concept of citizenship that is operative in both Mary Kathryn Nagle’s Sovereignty and Claudia Rankine’s Citizen: An American Lyric. How do the authors’ different backgrounds, literary traditions, and legal positioning affect their understanding of the concept? In your response, your thesis should directly answer the question above. You should then spend at least one paragraph of your body exploring Nagle’s version of the concept, another exploring the idea in Rankine, and one body paragraph directly comparing the two. Your final paragraph ought to draw some broader conclusion about the idea of citizenship as developed in the class thus far. 

Short answer:  Answer with a 2-3 sentence-length response:  What is the role of Citizen and the #BLM movement? 

Short answer: Answer the following question with a 2-3 sentence response:  Part of the way that Rankine encourages new ways of seeing is through avant-garde techniques that distort traditional media representations of police violence. Critics such as Kevin Bell and Tana Jean Welch have noted similar interventions in Rankine’s previous book of poetry, Don’t Let Me Be Lonely: An American Lyric (2004), a work that both comments critically on television and uses images of static-filled TV screens as a structuring device. For instance, Welch argues that “Rankine ‘stays messy’ by exploding the boundaries of the lyric genre in order to disrupt the facile political frameworks promoted by the mass media” (124).  What topos is being used here and how do you know?

Analyze the following passages using the topoi to the best of your ability and/or connecting it to our course themes or discussion. The following passage comes form Mary Kathryn Nagle’s Sovereignty:  SARAH: In the entire history of the Supreme Court, there’d never been a single Native law clerk until last year. Gorsuch hired the first one. JIM ROSS: Why not make it two?  SARAH: I applied to clerk on the Supreme Court. Three years in a row. Didn’t even get an interview.  [Beat.] I want to serve my nation.  JIM ROSS: If you could accomplish one thing while you work in this office, what would it be?  

This is the discussion/short answer portion of your Mid-Term Exam. These questions will allow you to elaborate and demonstrate your knowledge of the topics listed. Instructions Read each question carefully and provide a short answer for each question (please note that a short answer is not one sentence). Your answer should provide insight into the questions, as well as personal experiences/opinions on each topic. Each question is worth a maximum of 10 points.

Stock offerings are normally based on a(n) ____ agreement whereby the securities firm guarantees a price to the issuing corporation.

​A ____ life insurance company is owned by its stockholders; most life insurance companies are ____.