When we ask a question like “why have most American women taken their husband’s last name upon marriage”, which has been a taken-for-granted social reality for generations, we are employing Peter Berger’s idea:

Culture penetrates our thinking;    for example, in terms of creating families:

Explain instrumental and expressive tasks within the family; discuss your experience with such tasks within your family environment.

If  you were born and raised in Atascadero and traveled to rural Pakistan, you might be surprised at the differences in family and educational structure; the disorientation you may feel is referred to as:

Modern societies rely on this institution to provide valid, reliable answers to questions about the natural and social worlds:

Like all institutions in modern society, we assign and expect the family to meet certain specific needs, such as:

Within the institution of the family, we find positions, such as mother, father, brother, and sister.    These positions are part of social structure, organizing our behavior.   Sociologists refer to such recognizable positions as:

Why is it important to strive to be objective when you conduct research?

Jane’s friends describe her as a “Supermom.” She works a full day outside the home and then comes home from work and completes household tasks, child-care tasks, and other domestic responsibilities. Sociologists Arlie Hochschild and Anne Machung would call the household work Jane does after her paid job the  __________.

Sociologist who study how students and teachers actively create their sociology classes are viewing social arrangements through which perspective?