Neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) produce _______ and analgesia.

Maren and his colleagues have observed that fear extinction is _______ specific.

Reward devaluation will not influence the behavior if it is controlled by the action system.

In infant rats younger than three weeks, extinction seems to erase some aspect of the fear memory.

Which physiological changes can be caused by a danger signal? (Select all that apply.)

Instrumental behaviors _______. (Select all that apply.)

Discrimination reversal tests are thought to measure flexibility.

Extinction neurons project to ITC-b cells.

According to Thorndike’s Law of Effect, instrumental behavior is considered purposeful or goal directed.

Freezing is the dominant and most effective defensive behavior in rodents.