1For decades, relief workers had been frustrated in their ability to effectively help victims of famine throughout the world. 2In villages without electricity, it was useless to give people supplies of milk because there was no way to keep the milk from spoiling. 3Powdered milk or grain was equally useless because most villagers didn’t have clean water with which to mix it. 4Then a few years ago, a French nutritionist developed a paste made of peanut butter, vegetable oil, powdered milk, and powdered sugar, and enriched with vitamins and minerals. 5Since the paste didn’t need refrigeration, water, or cooking, mothers, simply squeezed it out of plastic packages to feed their children. 6The results have been miraculous, children who consume the peanut butter paste add pounds rapidly, often going from a near-death state to relative health in a month. 7Not surprisingly, some are calling the paste the greatest health breakthrough since the antibiotic penicillin. Which sentence states the problem in this paragraph? _______

1Projection is an unconscious process of seeing one’s own shortcomings in others. 2For example, a greedy shop owner may cheat many of his customers, yet consider himself a pillar of the community and a good Christian. 3How does he justify to himself his greed and dishonesty? 4He believes that everyone who enters his store is bent on cheating him any way he or she can. 5In reality, few, if any, of his customers share his motives, but he projects his own greed and dishonesty onto them. The main pattern of organization of the paragraph is _______________.

Identify the sentence that best expresses the implied main idea of the paragraph.  When an eyewitness is asked a question by a police officer or an attorney, the wording of the question can affect the way the witness recalls the information. In one experiment, the participants were shown a film of two cars crashing into each other. Some were then asked the question, “About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” On average, these people estimated the speed to be 41 miles per hour. Another group was asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they bumped into each other?” This group estimated the speed at 37 miles per hour. For a third group, the word contacted was used instead of bumped into. The average estimated speed for this group was only 32 miles per hour. When the witness is a child, the likelihood of error is even greater because the children’s memories are highly vulnerable to the influence of others. In one experiment, 5- to 7-year-old girls who had just had a routine physical examination were shown an anatomically explicit doll. The girls were shown the doll’s genital area and asked, “Did the doctor touch you here?” Three of the girls who did not have a vaginal or anal exam said that the doctor had in fact touched them in the genital area, and one of those three made up the detail “The doctor did it with a stick.”

1Although it is impossible to put a monetary value on human life, the economic burden of heart disease on our society is staggering—more than $555 billion, according to a 2016 study. 2This figure includes the cost of physician and nursing services, hospital and nursing home facilities, medications, and lost productivity resulting from disability. 3The best line of defense against heart disease is to prevent it from developing in the first place. 4Regular checkups, healthy diet and regular exercise can all prevent arteries from becoming clogged. Which sentence presents the solution in this paragraph? _______

Identify the sentence that best expresses the implied main idea of the paragraph.  In species such as the red-back spider, the black widow spider, the praying mantis, and the scorpion, the female commonly eats the male after mating. Another widespread form of cannibalism is size-structured cannibalism, in which large individuals consume smaller ones. Octopus, bats, toads, fish, monitor lizards, salamanders, crocodiles, spiders, crustaceans, birds, mammals, and a vast number of insects have all been observed to engage in size-structured cannibalism. Yet another common form of cannibalism is infanticide. Classic examples include the chimpanzees, where groups of adult males have been observed to attack and consume their infants; and lions, where adult males commonly kill infants when they take over a new harem after replacing the previous dominant males. Also, gerbils and hamsters eat their young if they are stillborn, or if the mothers are especially stressed.

A human baby and a baby songbird are different in almost every imaginable way. But the two share certain similarities when it comes to learning language – in the baby’s case, speech, and in the bird’s case, its particular song. Both babies and songbirds learn their language from listening to their parents. Babies and birds raised in isolation do not learn to communicate with sound. Both go through a period of babbling. A baby will string together words and phrases, such as “mama, ball, so big, peekaboo,” in ways that make no sense. Later, the baby will sort out these words to form thoughts and sentences. In a similar fashion, a baby songbird will sing tiny segments of its’ parents song, but with those segments in the wrong order. As it matures, it will learn to put the segments of songs together in the right sequence. The main pattern of organization of the paragraph is __________.

Several factors influence the justice system’s treatment of criminals. For one thing, the sex of offenders affects the severity of sentences. A woman is less likely to receive the death penalty than a man. Secondly, the court is more reluctant to send a mother to prison than a father. Another factor in the treatment of offenders is their race. Nonwhites are awarded parole and probation less often. Moreover, blacks are executed more often for capital crimes. Finally, the age of offenders is considered in sentencing. Young offenders are given special treatment. And the elderly are given more lenient sentences. The pattern of organization of the above selection is ________________.

Choose if the boldfaced word is used correctly or incorrectly. My aunt and uncle are rich but ostentatious. Judging by their modest possessions, you’d never know how much money they really have.

If Bart’s parents leave him alone with his sister for even thirty seconds, he _______ a fight with her.

The invitation we sent our parents to attend a friend’s birthday party was a ___. We were actually giving a surprise party in honor of their anniversary.