In a relational database, the process of eliminating repeating groups and ensuring atomic attributes is known as:

What does the term relationship degree refer to in the ER model?

Which stage of the query lifecycle is most responsible for catastrophic performance regressions when query plans change across database upgrades?

Which layer of a modern data architecture typically handles data ingestion from multiple operational systems?

A team mixes batch and real-time ingestion pipelines feeding the same downstream table. Which failure mode is most likely and hardest to detect?

What is the most subtle failure mode when TTL is configured too aggressively in stream ingestion systems?

Which factor MOST strongly influences the optimizer’s join strategy selection?

Write the degree measure of the angle that equals  2π9 radians

Which design choice most directly trades durability for cost reduction in ingestion systems?

Why does the Kappa architecture fundamentally change how historical queries are executed?