The closure of the foramen ovale after birth normally occurs due to which process?

Which embryologic structure forms the  membranous portion of the interventricular septum?

Failure of normal cardiac looping may result in which condition?  

A patient with Marfan syndrome is referred for echocardiography. Which finding should the sonographer carefully evaluate?

A stress echocardiogram is terminated because the patient develops chest pain and ST-segment depression. Which images should the  sonographer immediately acquire?

Which parameter is designated for early diastolic mitral annular velocity?  

A 24-year-old patient is referred for evaluation of hypertension. Blood pressure is significantly higher in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities. Which echocardiographic finding would most strongly support coarctation of the aorta?  

A patient with coarctation of the aorta will most commonly demonstrate which Doppler finding on echocardiography?

What does Tissue Doppler Imaging primarily measure?  

Which finding during a stress echocardiogram would indicate a high-risk ischemic response?