Which of the following caused President Kennedy to initiate a naval quarantine to prevent Soviets from approaching after long-range ballistics were found?

As the best selling record of the time, what was the Republican reaction to the song “Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?”

Would you say the federal government (President/Congress) acted voluntarily to secure civil rights, or were they forced to act by direct-action protests? Provide examples.

A Guide for Surviving Nuclear War was published and distributed by the U.S. government to prepare citizens for the possibility of nuclear war in 1950: “Just like fire bombs and ordinary high explosives, atomic weapons cause most of their death and damage by blast and heat. So first let’s look at a few things you can do to escape these two dangers. Even if you have only a second’s warning, there is one important thing you can do to lessen your chances of injury by blast: Fall flat on your face. More than half of all wounds are the result of being bodily tossed about or being struck by falling and flying objects. If you lie down flat, you are least likely to be thrown about. If you have time to pick a good spot, there is less chance of your being struck by flying glass and other things. If you are inside a building, the best place to flatten out. is close against the cellar wall. If you haven’t time to get down there, lie down along an inside wall, or duck under a bed or table. But don’t pick a spot right opposite the windows or you are almost sure to be pelted with shattered glass. If caught out-of-doors, either drop down alongside the base of a good substantial building-avoid flimsy, wooden ones likely to be blown over on top of you-or else jump in any handy ditch or gutter. When you fall flat to protect yourself from a bombing, don’t look up to see what is coming. Even during the daylight hours, the flash from a bursting A-bomb can cause several moments of blindness, if you’re facing that way. To prevent it, bury your face in your arms and hold it there for 10 or 12 seconds after the explosion. That will also help to keep flying glass and other things out of your eyes…. If you work in the open, always wear full-length, loose-fitting, light-colored clothes in time of emergency. Never go around with your sleeves rolled up. Always wear a hat-the brim may save you a serious face burn.” Beyond physical safety, what was the primary psychological goal of the U.S. government in distributing advice like “falling flat on your face” and “ducking under a table” during the early 1950s?

In 1928, the Republican party nominated Herbert Hoover, a world famous mining engineer and Secretary of Commerce under Harding and Coolidge, for the presidency. In this speech, which closed his successful presidential campaign, Hoover, a self-made millionaire, expressed his views on the American system. “I intend… to discuss some of those more fundamental principles upon which I believe the government of the United States should be conducted…. During one hundred and fifty years we have builded up a form of self government and a social system which is peculiarly our own. It differs essentially from all others in the world. It is the American system…. It is founded upon the conception that only through ordered liberty, freedom and equal opportunity to the individual will his initiative and enterprise spur on the march of progress. And in our insistence upon equality of opportunity has our system advanced beyond all the world. During [World War I] we necessarily turned to the government to solve every difficult economic problem. The government having absorbed every energy of our people for war, there was no other solution. For the preservation of the state the Federal Government became a centralized despotism which undertook unprecedented responsibilities, assumed autocratic powers, and took over the business of citizens. To a large degree, we regimented our whole people temporally into a socialistic state. However justified in war time, if continued in peace-time it would destroy not only our American system but with it our progress and freedom as well. When the war closed, the most vital of issues both in our own country and around the world was whether government should continue their wartime ownership and operation of many [instruments] of production and distribution. We were challenged with a… choice between the American system of rugged individualism and a European philosophy of diametrically opposed doctrines ­ doctrines of paternalism and state socialism. The acceptance of these ideas would have meant the destruction of self-government through centralization… [and] the undermining of the individual initiative and enterprise through which our people have grown to unparalleled greatness.” How did the philosophy of “rugged individualism” expressed in this excerpt most directly influence President Hoover’s initial response to the Great Depression?

U.S. adopted a policy of containment to limit the expansion of Communism in new areas that became known as domino theory which is a belief that-

President Franklin Roosevelt had weekly radio talks to the American people to reassure him of the programs he promoted. The following is an excerpt from a talk on March 12, 1933:  “I recognize that the many proclamations from State Capitols and from Washington, the legislation, the Treasury regulations, etc., couched for the most part in banking and legal terms should be explained for the benefit of the average citizen. I owe this in particular because of the fortitude and good temper with which everybody has accepted the inconvenience and hardships of the banking holiday. I know that when you understand what we in Washington have been about I shall continue to have your cooperation as fully as I have had your sympathy and help during the past week…The success of our whole great national program depends, of course, upon the cooperation of the public — on its intelligent support and use of a reliable system… After all there is an element in the readjustment of our financial system more important than currency, more important than gold, and that is the confidence of the people. Confidence and courage are the essentials of success in carrying out our plan. You people must have faith; you must not be stampeded by rumors or guesses. Let us unite in banishing fear. We have provided the machinery to restore our financial system; it is up to you to support and make it work. It is your problem no less than it is mine. Together we cannot fail.” In the context of the 1933 “banking holiday,” which statement best describes how Roosevelt uses his words in this excerpt to stabilize the American economy?

How was totalitarianism different for the Soviet Union versus German and Italy during World War II?

With the Pacific Theater of World War II claiming thousands of lives per day, the Truman Administration resolved to use the United States arsenal’s two nuclear bombs to force Japan to capitulate. This document is the official pronouncement of that era of nuclear fear commencing: “Sixteen hours ago, an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima, an important Japanese Army base. That bomb had more power than 20,000 tons of T.N.T. It had more than two thousand times the blast power of the British “Grand Slam” which is the largest bomb ever yet used in the history of warfare. The Japanese began the war from the air at Pearl Harbor. They have been repaid many fold. And the end is not yet. With this bomb we have now added a new and revolutionary increase in destruction to supplement the growing power of our armed forces. In their present form these bombs are now in production and even more powerful forms are in development. It is an atomic bomb. It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe. The force from which the sun draws its power has been loosed against those who brought war to the Far East. . . But the greatest marvel is not the size of the enterprise, its secrecy, nor its cost, but the achievement of scientific brains in putting together infinitely complex pieces of knowledge held by many men in different fields of science into a workable plan. And hardly less marvelous has been the capacity of industry to design, and of labor to operate, the machines and methods to do things never done before so that the brain child of many minds came forth in physical shape and performed as it was supposed to do. Both science and industry worked under the direction of the United States Army, which achieved a unique success in managing so diverse a problem in the advancement of knowledge in an amazingly short time. It is doubtful if such another combination could be got together in the world. What has been done is the greatest achievement of organized science in history. It was done under high pressure and without failure. We are now prepared to obliterate more rapidly and completely every productive enterprise the Japanese have above ground in any city. We shall destroy their docks, their factories, and their communications. Let there be no mistake; we shall completely destroy Japan’s power to make war.” Based on the excerpt, how does President Harry Truman justify the use of the atomic bomb against Japan?

On the first day of the new term, college students encounter a lot of difficulties: finding a parking space, finding their classrooms, and getting their textbooks.