Which is true about snowshoe hare and lynx populations in Canada?

When calculating survivorship and reproductive rates, what do the following symbols represent? Ix [l] R0 [r]  x [x] nx [n]    

Bonus: Answers will be graded manually. Can a healthy population that is not in danger of extinction have an age structure that shows years of reproductive failure? Explain your answer and give an example.

Which statement best sums up the relationship between density of the herbivorous snail Littorina and the diversity of algae in its habitat?

Bonus: Answers will be graded manually. How might energy and nutrient relations explain the lower population densities of birds compared to comparable-sized mammals?

Which of the following is occurring in this white oak population?  

Which of the following factors can stabilize predator-prey relationships by providing a prey refuge?

When the average mass of individual plants in a stand is plotted against stand density (log-transformed), the slope of the relationship is very often around

Most heterotrophs use [carbon] as their carbon source and [energy] as their energy source.

__________ is the ability of a community or ecosystem to maintain structure in the face of potential disturbance.