A patient is newly diagnosed with HIV. Which next step is most appropriate?

During medication reconciliation, a patient says, “I don’t take any medicines,” but later mentions ginkgo and St. John’s wort. Which next step is most appropriate?

A patient’s calcium level is low on pre-treatment labs before starting denosumab. What is the best next step?

A patient is hesitant to start a statin because of cost and concern about adverse effects. Which APRN response is best?

A 31-year-old patient has a positive IGRA, no symptoms, and a normal chest x-ray. Which treatment approach is generally preferred when LTBI treatment is indicated and no contraindication is present?

A patient has made several unsuccessful quit attempts and asks whether switching to e-cigarettes is the best next step. Which response is most appropriate?

A 63-year-old woman takes metformin and empagliflozin. She reports vulvovaginal itching and dysuria but no fever or flank pain. Which medication is most likely contributing to her symptoms?

A patient with type 2 diabetes asks how semaglutide lowers glucose. Which explanation is most accurate?

A 43-year-old woman has obesity and hypertension. She has worked on nutrition and physical activity for several months without enough improvement. Which next step is most appropriate?

A 67-year-old woman has osteoporosis, chronic GERD, and a history of esophagitis. Which medication is least appropriate to start first?