How can you tell if a bacterial cell is dead? 

Explain what a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial is and give an example.

List 4 ways a newborn can acquire normal microbiota. 

There are five major cellular targets for antibiotic action.  Can you imagine a different one?  Which one and why?

Describe what happens at each step in the Gram stain. 

List 3 functions of the eukaryote glycocalyx.

How is the name of the bacterium “proteus vulgaris” correctly written based on the binomial nomenclature? 

The following table shows the results of an antibiogram. Which of the antibiotics would NOT be recommended to treat the infection caused by S. aureus? Drug  Zone Size (mm) Required for Susceptibility(S) Zone Size (mm) Required for Resistance(R) Example Results for staphylococcus Aureus  Evaluation Bacitracin >13 18 18 13 18 17 29 12 15 12 19

Explain why it is safer to take antibiotics that target the cell wall of bacteria than antibiotics that target the cytoplasmic membrane. 

The pediatrician you work for has just recommended to the mother of a child with a cold and fever of 37.7°C (100°F) not to treat the fever with children’s Tylenol®. When the doctor leaves the room, the mother asks you to explain his recommendation. Describe what your answer would be.