3. Police arrest Bernie for embezzlement and fraud, and the state prosecutes him for these crimes. Separately, a victim of these crimes sues Bernie personally to recover monetary damages that the victim suffered due to Bernie’s crimes. The criminal prosecution against Bernie is an example of _______, while the lawsuit for damages is an example of 

7. States bordering the Great Lakes enact legislation requiring inspections of vessels and commercial vehicles entering the state to prevent the introduction of invasive, non-indigenous fish species into the Great Lakes. The legislation also requires inspections of all vessels and persons using docks bordering the lakes, including in-state residents, and the legislation applies to both in-state and out-of-state businesses alike. The states argue that these are environmental protective measures. You do not live in one of these states, but you operate a business that transports live, fresh fish across state lines to restaurants located just inside one of these Great Lakes states. The inspections impose only minor costs and inconvenience and do not substantially delay your deliveries. Nevertheless, you challenge the legislation as unconstitutional. Will you likely succeed?

A physician discovers that a patient’s bacterial infection is resistant to multiple antibiotics. Laboratory testing shows the resistance genes are located on a plasmid. Why is this finding concerning?

Tropism refers to…

A bacterium survives treatment with an antibiotic because it received a resistance gene from a neighboring cell through a pilus. Which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer occurred?

Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, which produces genetically identical offspring. How can bacterial populations still develop genetic diversity?

A mutation changes a DNA sequence, altering one codon in the resulting mRNA. What is the most likely consequence?

A bacterial cell is exposed to a drug that inhibits DNA ligase. Which process would be most directly affected?

11g. Enlargement (check all that apply, or only check “None” if none apply)

10f. QT interval (milliseconds)