What is genome assembly in bioinformatics? A.  The process of building a physical model of DNA in the laboratory B.  Counting the total number of genes in an organism C.  Comparing two genomes from different species D. Piecing together millions of short DNA sequencing reads to reconstruct the complete genome  

A multi-omics study finds that a gene is highly expressed at the mRNA level (transcriptomics) but its protein product is barely detectable (proteomics). What is the MOST likely explanation?A.  The gene has a mutation that prevents transcriptionB.  The mass spectrometry instrument must have malfunctionedC.  High mRNA always corresponds to high protein — the proteomics data must be wrongD.  The protein is likely subject to extensive post-transcriptional regulation — such as miRNA silencing, rapid protein degradation (ubiquitination), or translational repression

What is the molecular clock hypothesis in evolutionary biology?A.  The idea that all organisms have the same mutation rateB.  A device that measures how fast DNA is replicatedC.  The concept that DNA mutations accumulate at a roughly constant rate over time, allowing divergence times to be estimatedD.  The process of synchronizing biological rhythms in organisms

Which technology is primarily used to identify and quantify thousands of proteins simultaneously in a biological sample?A.  PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)B.  Mass SpectrometryC.  Western BlotD.  Flow Cytometry

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) stores which type of information?A.  DNA sequences from all known organismsB.  Lists of genes associated with human diseasesC.  Experimentally determined 3D structures of proteins, DNA, and RNAD.  Patient medical records and clinical data

 BLAST stands for which of the following?A.  Basic Laboratory Alignment Sequencing ToolB.  Biological Local Alignment System TechnologyC.  Basic Local Alignment Search ToolD.  Biometric Lookup and Sequence Tracker

What are the four levels of protein structure, in order from simplest to most complex?A.  Quaternary, Tertiary, Secondary, PrimaryB.  Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, QuaternaryC.  Secondary, Primary, Quaternary, TertiaryD.  Tertiary, Primary, Secondary, Quaternary

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends all the following drugs for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, except

True or False: All reptilians have a four-chambered heart, with the exception of crocodilians.

A nurse in the newborn nursery receives handoff report in the morning. Which newborn should the nurse assess first?