Mina, a pilot awake for 18 hours, says she “feels fine.” FAA research shows pilots are poor judges of their own fatigue.

An airline pilot mishears an ATC instruction during a night flight. What fatigue effect is responsible?

Stephen, a cargo pilot, uses caffeine but still struggles with vigilance. Caffeine cannot replace sleep as a fatigue countermeasure.

Stephanie, a Citation 500 Jet pilot, misreads a NOTAM due to slow processing. What deficit is responsible?

The concentration and activity of dissolved glucose (C6H12O6) in a solution are determined as 3.0 g/L and 0.015, respectively. What is the activity coefficient of glucose in the solution?  C:12 g/mol, H:1 g/mol, O: 16 g/mol

Chironomid larvae are the main shredders in small streams. 

Total rate of energy intake by primary producers is called net primary productivity

Bacteria and fungi release a large variety of enzymes into the environment that break down high-molecular-weight organic carbon compounds. 

Benthic algae are most abundant and important for food webs in:

Cladophora is a green filamentous macroalga, very rare in streams.