Kelly and Clark agreed to rob a bank; Kelly went into the bank and threatened the teller with a handgun while Clark waited in the car.  Kelly ran from the bank and Clark drove out of the parking lot, but they were stopped by a law enforcement officer almost immediately.  Should Clark be charged as a principal or accessory, according to the Model Penal Code?  Explain your answer.

One evening as Sam was leaving a class, his car would not start.  Sam got out of the car, raised the hood, inspected the battery, tinkered with the wires and connections, and tried to start the car again.  The car still would not start.  Sam was very angry and he got out of the car and yelled, “I will sell this car to the first person that will pay me $10 for it!”   Nancy heard Sam’s statement and said to Sam, “I’ll pay you $10 for it.”  Have Sam and Nancy entered into a contract?  Explain your answer.  

While riding his bicycle at night without a light, Darren was erratically zigzagging across the street. This activity prompted Officer West to initiate a traffic stop. After the stop, Officer West noticed that Darren appeared to be intoxicated, so Officer West asked Darren to conduct field sobriety tests, which he failed.  Officer West then searched Darren and found a baggie containing what appeared to be cocaine.  Officer West arrested Darren and charged him with possession of cocaine.  Did Officer West conduct an unlawful search and seizure?  Explain your answer.

When is the Miranda warning required to be given?

Brad and Neil are neighbors; recently Brad has complained constantly about Neil’s dog (it comes into Brad’s yard and digs in the garden).  Last week Brad and Neil got into an argument, at the end of which Brad yelled, “I will shoot your dog the next time it comes into my yard!”  Yesterday Neil saw his dog go into Brad’s yard.  Brad then retrieved his shotgun and pointed it at the dog.  Neil shot and killed Brad.  Neil has been charged with first degree murder.  Will Neil be convicted of the crime?  Explain your answer.

Vera and Vance entered into a contract for Vera to sell her house to Vance for $300,000.  Does the contract have to be in writing to be enforceable?  Explain your answer. 

Louder sounds produce a higher frequency of action potentials in auditory neurons. What cellular mechanism links sound amplitude to AP frequency?

Which reproductive structure is both the site where eggs develop before ovulation and the source of estradiol and progesterone during the reproductive cycle?

A person with red-green colorblindness cannot distinguish between red and green. What is the biological basis of this condition?

Color perception in humans depends on comparing the relative activation of three cone types. How does the brain perceive yellow light (~580 nm)?