For benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), explain: The underlying etiology of the disease. (1 pt) How prostatic enlargement leads to impaired urination. (1 pt) How BPH may contribute to impaired sexual (or erectile) function. (1 pt) ** Your answers should describe the pathophysiologic mechanisms rather than simply listing symptoms.

Please match each disorder on the left with the best description of its causative factor on the right. (1 pts each; 4 pts total)

Urine is normally clear, yellow, and has a mild odor. For each of the urine characteristics below, identify one possible cause and briefly explain the pathophysiologic mechanism responsible for the change in the urine’s appearance or odor. (1 pt implication, 1 pt explanation; 4 pts total) Cloudy urine Dark-colored urine

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder.  Explain the pathophysiologic changes involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis that contribute to the development of PCOS. (2 pts) How this dysfunction alters hormone secretion by the theca and granulosa cells. (2 pts) How these hormonal changes affect ovulation and fertility (2 pts)

When asked the question, “What would happen if the dinosaurs could chew bubble gum?” E. responded by saying, “That’s not possible! Dinosaurs aren’t alive.” Piaget would argue that E. responded this way as their thinking is defined by the limitations of which stage of cognitive development? Explain by connecting the limitation of the stage you selected to E.’s response. 

What is Emerging Adulthood according to Jeffrey Arnett? Identify one of the five characteristics that he outlined for this age period. 

Which process uses nuclease to remove damaged sections of DNA and replace them?

During translation, what brings amino acids to the ribosome, matching its anticodon with the mRNA codon?

______ is a process in which chance events cause allele frequencies to fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next.

The thermite reaction is a reaction between rust (i.e. iron(III) oxide) and elemental aluminum that produces elemental iron, aluminum oxide, and enough energy to heat the iron product near the temperature of the sun’s surface. The unbalanced equation is shown below. Balance the equation. Letters shown in red are not elements, they correspond to the blank space.