An industrial audit counts new water taken from a river but excludes water repeatedly reused inside the plant. In treadmill terminology, the incoming river water is part of the plant’s ecological ________.

A U.S. suburb copies a superblock’s street pattern but leaves homes far from shops, requires large parking areas, and offers little transit. Using the Vox video, what is the strongest reason to question whether street geometry alone will reproduce the intended change?

A complex technical system leaves operators almost no time between one failure and its spread to connected processes. Which redesign most directly addresses its tight coupling?

The same cleaner production method is available in two regions. One has enforceable environmental standards and regular public participation; the other lacks both. What would Buttel’s approach most strongly support investigating?

An exporting country has low resource consumption per resident but severe forest loss linked to supplying wealthier countries. Why are these findings compatible in Jorgenson’s analysis?

If workers, managers, and officials all support a factory expansion, treadmill theory requires concluding that they receive equal benefits and act from identical interests.

A climate team chooses an energy policy first, then invites sociologists only to make the public accept it. What change would best address Norgaard’s critique of disciplinary hierarchies?

A researcher observes that a community owns few manufactured goods and concludes that its members are affluent in Sahlins’s sense. What evidence is missing?

A household adds paid work hours to cover expenses. With less time available, it buys more prepared food and services, increasing the income it needs. Which explanation best fits Bell et al.’s discussion of work and consumption?

A disrupted soil-nutrient cycle can persist even when farmers and urban consumers both report a strong emotional connection to the land.