The patient is started on TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition). Which lab value is the most critical for the nurse to monitor every 6 hours while initiating TPN?

The patient’s potassium level is currently 3.0 mEq/L. The nurse receives an order for potassium replacement prior to starting the protocol. The nurse looks at the cardiac monitor, and expects to see the presence of a [BLANK-1] after the T-wave. Conversely, if the patient had presented with hyperkalemia (high potassium), the nurse would likely see [BLANK-2] T-waves.

The nurse is monitoring the patient for signs of hypocalcemia. Which of the following assessment findings would indicate neuromuscular irritability associated with low calcium? (Select all that apply)

The patient is recovering. The nurse provides discharge education. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates a need for further education?

The provider orders an endoscopy. While waiting for the diagnostic study to be performed, the physician orders Glucagon 1 mg IVP in an attempt to dislodge the food bolus. The nurse knows the purpose of glucagon administration is to:

Based on the initial vital signs (BP 92/54, HR 128), the patient is displaying signs of significant volume depletion. Which physiological factor is a primary contributor to severe dehydration in the patient?

Which statement by the patient indicates a correct understanding of oral self-examination at home?

The next day the nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of the desmopressin (DDAVP) and fluid replacement. Which finding indicates that the treatment is successful and the DI is resolving?

A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). Thirty minutes into the transfusion, the client develops acute dyspnea, hypertension, bounding pulses, and bilateral crackles on lung auscultation. Oxygen saturation has decreased from 96% to 88%. Which is the priority nursing intervention?

A patient with sepsis has the following ABG: • pH 7.25 • PaCO₂ 28 mmHg • HCO₃⁻ 14 mEq/L What is the acid-base imbalance?