(02.01 MC) Question refers to the image below. © Norton 2015 What was the significance of the boundary created by the Proclamation of 1763? (5 points)

(04.01 MC) Question refers to the excerpt below. “We have not sought to extend our territorial possessions by conquest, or our republican institutions over a reluctant people. It was the deliberate homage of each people to the great principle of our federative union. If we consider the extent of territory involved in the annexation, its prospective influence on America, the means by which it has been accomplished, springing purely from the choice of the people themselves to share the blessings of our union, the history of the world may be challenged to furnish a parallel … We may rejoice that the tranquil and pervading influence of the American principle of self-government was sufficient to defeat the purposes of British and French interference … From this example European Governments may learn how vain diplomatic arts and intrigues must ever prove upon this continent against that system of self-government which seems natural to our soil, and which will ever resist foreign interference.”—James Polk, from the State of the Union Address, December 2, 1845 After this State of the Union Address, the statement that the annexation of Texas was born of a “choice of the people themselves to share the blessings of our union” was (5 points)

(03.01 MC) Question refers to the excerpt below. “In a free government the security for civil rights must be the same as that for religious rights. It consists in the one case in the multiplicity of interests, and in the other in the multiplicity of sects. The degree of security in both cases will depend on the number of interests and sects; and this may be presumed to depend on the extent of country and number of people comprehended under the same government. This view of the subject must particularly recommend a proper federal system to all the sincere and considerate friends of republican government, since it shows that in exact proportion as the territory of the Union may be formed into more circumscribed Confederacies, or States oppressive combinations of a majority will be facilitated: the best security, under the republican forms, for the rights of every class of citizens, will be diminished: and consequently the stability and independence of some member of the government, the only other security, must be proportionately increased. Justice is the end of government. It is the end of civil society. It ever has been and ever will be pursued until it be obtained, or until liberty be lost in the pursuit.”—James Madison, from The Federalist No. 51, 1788 What argument does Madison make against the Anti-Federalist perspective? (5 points)

(01.04 MC) Question refers to the excerpt below. “Almost every year, from 1581 onward, the mariners of the Netherlands strove, by east and by west, to pass the barrier that America interposed between them and the Eastern trade they coveted … They would not be hurried; they took their time to think it over, as Dutchmen will; but at length they conceived an immense project for acquiring all the trade, or the best part of it, of both the West and the East … In 1609, quite inadvertently, Henry Hudson discovered it … received a visit from some Indians with native commodities to exchange for knives and beads … They were affable, but untrustworthy, stealing what they could lay their hands on, and a few days later shooting arrows at a boatload of seamen from the ship, and killing one John Colman. Hudson went ashore, and was honored with dances and chants; upon the whole, the impression mutually created seems to have been favorable.”—Julian Hawthorne, from The History of the United States from 1492 TO 1910, V1 Hudson’s experience is typical of Dutch interaction with Native Americans in that it was (5 points)

(01.07 LC) Which of the following events was a catalyst for Spanish conquistadors to start to tolerate American Indian cultural practices? (5 points)

(03.02 MC) Question refers to the excerpt below. “In a free government the security for civil rights must be the same as that for religious rights. It consists in the one case in the multiplicity of interests, and in the other in the multiplicity of sects. The degree of security in both cases will depend on the number of interests and sects; and this may be presumed to depend on the extent of country and number of people comprehended under the same government. This view of the subject must particularly recommend a proper federal system to all the sincere and considerate friends of republican government, since it shows that in exact proportion as the territory of the Union may be formed into more circumscribed Confederacies, or States oppressive combinations of a majority will be facilitated: the best security, under the republican forms, for the rights of every class of citizens, will be diminished: and consequently the stability and independence of some member of the government, the only other security, must be proportionately increased. Justice is the end of government. It is the end of civil society. It ever has been and ever will be pursued until it be obtained, or until liberty be lost in the pursuit.”—James Madison, from The Federalist No. 51, 1788 Which theme from the excerpt was reflected in American society in the early 1800s? (5 points)

(02.03 LC) How did Protestant evangelical fervor affect the colonial independence movement? (5 points)

(01.03 MC) Question refers to the excerpt below. “From the fact that the Indians are barbarians it does not necessarily follow that they are incapable of government and have to be ruled by others, except to be taught about the Catholic faith and to be admitted to the holy sacraments. They are not ignorant, inhuman, or bestial. Rather, long before they had heard the word Spaniard they had properly organized states, wisely ordered by excellent laws, religion, and custom. They cultivated friendship and, bound together in common fellowship, lived in populous cities in which they wisely administered the affairs of both peace and war justly and equitably, truly governed by laws that at very many points surpass ours … Yet even if we were to grant that this race has no keenness of mind or artistic ability, certainly they are not, in consequence, obliged to submit themselves to those who are more intelligent and to adopt their ways, so that, if they refuse, they may be subdued by having war waged against them and be enslaved … We are bound by natural law to embrace virtue … No one, however, is punished for being bad unless he is guilty of rebellion. Where the Catholic faith has been preached in a Christian manner as it ought to be, all men are bound by natural law to accept it, yet no one is forced to accept the faith of Christ.”—Bartolome de las Casas, from In Defense of the Indians, c.1550 How do the views expressed in the excerpt about American Indians compare with those of the U.S. government after the Civil War? (5 points)

(04.02 MC) Question refers to the map below. Public Domain Why were there four main candidates in the election shown on the map? (5 points)

(04.05 MC) Question refers to the image below. Library of Congress [LC-DIG-ds-00886] How were images like this one used for political gain during the Civil War era? (5 points)