A nurse is counseling a client who expresses frustration with slow progress in their diet plan. Which approach would be most effective in managing the client’s expectations?

A client receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer reports new-onset pain in the right shoulder and upper back, rated 7/10, described as “deep and aching.” The client denies trauma and states the pain is constant and worse with deep breathing. Vital signs are stable, and the surgical mastectomy site appears healing appropriately. Which pain assessment consideration is the priority?

A client with coronary artery disease is struggling to adhere to their prescribed diet. Which strategies should the nurse recommend to improve compliance with medical nutrition therapy? Select all that apply.

A nurse assesses a 38-year-old client with a history of fibromyalgia who reports widespread pain rated 8/10, described as “constant burning and aching all over.” The client states, “I’ve had this for years-it never goes away, and I’m exhausted all the time.” Which clinical cues would help the nurse differentiate this chronic pain from acute pain? Select all that apply.

A nurse cares for a client with chronic kidney disease whose laboratory results show pH 7.32, HCO 18 mEq/L, and elevated serum creatinine. The client reports fatigue and has increased respiratory rate. Which statements accurately explain renal processes involved in acid-base regulation and this client’s condition? Select all that apply.

A dietitian is explaining the MyPlate program to a client with diabetes. Which aspect of MyPlate is most valuable for this client’s meal planning?

A nurse is educating staff about aspiration risk in ICU clients. Which statements accurately reflect risk factors for aspiration in this setting? Select all that apply.

A client receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) develops sudden fever, chills, and hypotension. The nurse suspects a catheter-related bloodstream infection. Which intervention is most crucial in preventing this complication?

A nurse receives laboratory results showing serum potassium of 6.4 mEq/L for a client with chronic kidney disease. The client is alert and denies symptoms. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize immediately to evaluate for life-threatening complications?

A nurse observes a colleague documenting that a client “claims” pain is 8/10 but notes the client was laughing with visitors and ambulating without difficulty. The colleague states, “I gave only half the ordered PRN dose because the client doesn’t look like they’re really in that much pain.” Which understanding about factors influencing pain management should guide the observing nurse’s response?