During a breach of contract trial in California court, Foggy wants to introduce into evidence a photocopy of a letter written by the defendant to his client to prove the contents of the contract. Foggy introduces testimony from his client that this was an accurate copy of the letter he received from the defendant, that he was familiar with it because the contents were very frightening. Marci, the opposing lawyer, objects, claiming that it is possible the photocopy may be a forgery. Rule on the objection.

Dinah did not attend the trial until she was called to testify. Abel asked her to assume a number of facts, and then asked her to state an opinion based on those facts. What type of question was this?

Use these facts for the next two questions. Tom was an undercover FBI agent. During a criminal trial in which Amanda was the defendant, Tom testified that he arrested Amanda because he saw Xena raise a red umbrella over her head and open it. This was a pre-arranged signal that meant Xena had seen Amanda commit the crime in question, so Tom should arrest her. The prosecution wanted to offer Tom’s testimony that Amanda committed the crime because Xena would not have raised the umbrella unless she had seen Amanda commit the crime. This testimony is:

Bill wanted to ask the trial court in California for an order long before the trial in his client’s case. He needed to present evidence to the court to obtain that order. His client knew the relevant facts. How is his client’s testimony most likely to be presented to the court?

In a trial in California court, Abel wants to introduce into evidence a black and white photocopy of a document that originally included a multicolor pie chart. The pie chart was relevant to the issues in the case. Valerie objects. She accurately observes that the photocopy is in black and white, and you cannot see the difference between many of the colors on the chart.

Darth Maul was charged with the murder of Qui-Gon Jin. Elizabeth was one of the jurors. During the trial, the court admitted prosecution evidence in the form of a double-ended lightsaber with red blades. Testimony indicated that (1) Qui-Gon was killed by a double ended lightsaber, and (2), such lightsabers were rare and unique, and (3) only Darth Maul used a double-ended lightsaber. Elizabeth wondered about this evidence. That night, Elizabeth wandered the streets of Coruscant and checked out a few shops. She bought two double-ended light sabers that looked just like the one introduced by the prosecutor. The next day she brought them to court, showed them to the jurors in the jury room, and told them where she found the weapons. Maul was acquitted. After the verdict, one of the jurors told the prosecutor what Elizabeth did. 

Blanca was called as a witness by the plaintiff and she testified at trial. (Other witnesses had heard her make a similar statement before the dispute that gave rise to the trial.) Later in the trial, the defense lawyer introduced testimony that Blanca made a prior inconsistent statement before the trial. Blanca has not been excused as a witness. As a result of that testimony, the plaintiff’s lawyer, may now __________________.

During a criminal prosecution of Denny in Federal court, several witnesses testify on behalf of the prosecution. One of these witnesses was: Stu, who had been an associate of Denny’s but who has decided to testify against Denny in exchange for a favorable plea bargain arrangement with the prosecution. Zabel is defending Denny. Zabel wants to impeach Stu’s testimony. Which one of the following would be the best option to impeach Stu’s testimony?

A problem with using punishment to control behavior is that

The term behavior therapy refers to any approach to therapy that is based on