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Increased milk production in cows has been achieved with the generation of a commercially available transgenic line that overexpresses the somatotropin gene.

The family of cry genes that codes for the Bt toxin has been introduced into a number of crop plants using genetic engineering. Is the organism that naturally produces this toxin a prokaryote or a eukaryote? What is the benefit of introducing the gene for this toxin into plants? Provide a brief description for how Bt toxin works (i.e. its mechanism of action).

Provide an explanation for why the random integration of the same transgene can result in differences in transgene expression between two individuals.