Greylag goslings seem to instinctively follow their mother–so much so that it might appear to be a fixed action pattern. In the 1930’s, biologist Konrad Lorenz did studies with hatched greylag geese–little goslings that had never seen their mother. What he found was that the goslings would actually follow the first moving thing they saw–whether that was his boots or even a model train. This is an example of ______.

Which of the following is not one of the main hypotheses for why food chains are relatively short?

The following questions refer to the data presented in the graph below of tobacco cells grown in tissue culture. The numbers on the curves indicate the concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA) in milligrams per liter. The horizontal axis is labeled Concentration of Kinetin in Medium in milligrams per liter, and the vertical axis is labeled Fresh weight of tobacco callus, also called undifferentiated tissue, after four weeks of growth in grams. The horizontal axis is labeled from zero to ten point two four with even-spaced increments from left to right that are labeled zero point zero four, zero point one six, zero point six four, two point five six, and ten point two four ending. There is a tick mark at each number. The horizontal axis is labeled zero to twenty-five in increments of five, with a tick mark at each increment. There are four lines on the graph, each representing a treatment with I A A. The curve for zero milligrams per liter of I A A is represented by a dotted line. It starts at zero and increases slightly but steadily to approximately two grams by ten point two four milligrams per liter of kinetin. The curve for one milligram per liter of I A A is represented by a line of short dashes. It starts at ten grams, peaks at thirteen grams at zero point zero four milligrams of kinetin, and then decreases to two, flattening out as it reaches zero point six four milligrams kinetin. The curve for four milligrams per liter of I A A is represented by a line of longer dashes. It starts at ten grams, peaks to twenty grams at zero point zero eight milligrams per liter of kinetin, and then decreases to two grams, flattening out just after zero point six four milligrams per liter of kinetin. The curve for twenty-seven milligrams per liter of I A A is represented by a solid line. It starts constant at ten grams until zero point zero four milligrams of kinetin, and then is followed by a big, slow curve that has a long, blunt peak at twenty-three grams and zero point six four milligrams kinetin, and then slowly starts decreasing at an exponential rate, decreasing to three grams at ten point two four milligrams kinetin. The optimum concentrations of hormones for promoting maximum tobacco cell growth are

Which of the following statements most directly supports the claim that different species of organisms use different metabolic strategies to meet their energy requirements for growth, reproduction, and homeostasis?

Spirogyra (a green alga), a moss, a spruce tree, and an apple tree. Table 1 compares several characteristics in the organisms (+ indicates the trait is present, − indicates the trait is absent). Table 1. Comparison of several characteristics in four photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms Green Alga Moss Spruce Tree Apple Tree Cell wall composed of cellulose + + + + Vascular tissue – – + + Roots – – + + Seeds enclosed in fruit – – – + Flagellated sperm cells – + – – Which of the following rows of data listed in table 1 best supports the possibility of a common ancestor for the organisms listed there?

A(n) ______ is the sum of the resources a species uses in its environment.

Figure 1 shows some relevant details of a model of how a deoxynucleotide, in this case dTMP, is added to a growing strand of DNA. A D N A template that consists of nine nucleotides is shown. Five nucleotides have already been added to the complementary strand that is growing from left to right along the template. The left end of the growing strand is labeled 5 prime, and the right end is labeled 3 prime. The left end of the template strand is labeled 3 prime, and the right end is labeled 5 prime. An incoming d T T P has three phosphate groups. Arrows indicate that the two outermost phosphate groups split off as the d T M P with the remaining phosphate group is about to join to the 3 prime end of the growing strand. Figure 1. Model showing details of adding a deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) nucleotide to a growing strand of DNA The features of this model provide evidence for which explanation of why all growing strands are synthesized in a 5′ to 3′ direction?

As depicted in the diagram, honeybees communicate the location of flower patches to members of their hives with waggle dances that give information about the direction and distance to the flowers. Which of the following statements about how honeybees communicate the position of flower patches is most consistent with the model?

The tree starts with a branch, from the bottom left to the top right of the tree. Halfway up the branch, it splits into two medium branches. The left medium branch splits to form two smaller branches labeled, from left to right, One and Two. The right medium branch splits to form two smaller branches labeled, from left to right, Three and Four. Based on morphological characteristics, the phylogenetic tree above has been developed for species I, II, III, and IV. DNA sequencing has recently been completed for a particular gene found in all four species. The sequencing will provide additional information for answering which of the following questions?

In Darwinian terms, the fittest individuals of a species are those that