Is this screenshot encrypting or decrypting?

What ensures that two identical plaintexts will not end up as identical ciphertexts? This object also does not need to be kept secret, but can be stored alongside plaintext.

When an array is 7 times bigger to search, and the algorithm is 7 times slower, thus complexity is what?

A belief that confirms itself by influencing us to react in a way that seems to justify the belief is called:

What size bit state does Salsa20 have?

If there was only one correct 4-bit key (one event), and you only had once chance to guess the correct 4-bit key, what is your probability of getting it correct?

Which mode of a VPN retains the original IP header?

^ (AND) X = 0 Y = 1 X  ^ Y = ?

Is asymmetric or symmetric encryption going to be more heavily impacted by quantum computing in a post-quantum world?

What is the last chapter of the book on?