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An organism must regulate the concentration of solutes in its body fluids, called osmolarity. An extreme change in osmolarity will alter the diffusion of water through cell membranes, potentially disrupting the functions of cells.  In a healthy human, a homeostatic system ensures that the osmolarity of blood stays within a certain range. When the osmolarity increases, nerve cells in the hypothalamus detect the diffusion of water through channel proteins in their membranes (osmosis). These channels activate a signaling pathway that causes a nerve cell to secrete a hormone called vasopressin. A molecule of vasopressin can bind to receptors in the membranes of kidney cells, causing the kidneys to excrete less water as urine. Over time, the osmolarity of blood returns back to its expected range.  Alcohol inhibits the release of vasopressin by nerve cells. Typically, a person who has not consumed alcohol has a concentration of vasopressin between 0.5 pg ml-1 and 2 pg ml-1, but a person who has ingested alcohol has a much lower concentration of vasopressin.  The figure shows a path model of the homeostatic system that regulates the osmolarity of blood. This model also describes the effect of alcohol on the concentration of vasopressin in blood. The regulated variable is represented by a dashed box. Other variables are represented by a solid black box. An arrow connecting one box to another indicates a relationship between two variables. The value above each arrow indicates the slope of the linear relationship between the variables connected by the arrow.  Complete the following sentence. If a person has ingested alcohol, the osmolarity of the blood would ______.

The figure shows four scatter plots, labeled A through D.  show the same data, but each plot shows a different linear model of these data (red line). The axes are scaled the same for all plots.  Which plot shows the best linear model of the data?

A biologist wanted to know the number of insects that occur in a square meter of land. They counted insects on 20 plots, each having an area of 1 m2. The following set of numbers represents the number of insects on these plots:  Number of insects = [150, 150, 162, 168, 171, 171, 182, 184, 188, 199, 199, 199, 220, 220, 228, 228, 232, 244, 253, 253] Use this sample to answer the following question.   What is the relative frequency of the value 253?

A company that makes athletic shoes wanted to design a running shoe for female marathon runners. To inform the design of this shoe, the company measured the body mass of 200 marathon runners. The plot shows the probability distribution of body mass, as measured in kilograms (kg).    Which value is more than one standard deviation greater than the mean body mass? 

Light first enters the eye through the:

Are the white blood cells below granulocytes or agranulocytes?      

The ventricles of the brain contain:

A synapse is the space between:

The four main tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and: