A PTA is educating a patient on how to safely use a TENS unit at home for pain management, following the supervising Physical Therapist’s plan of care. The patient appears unsure about how to apply the electrodes and how to adjust the intensity. The PTA wants to ensure the patient and caregiver understand the steps before leaving the clinic. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action for the PTA?

A new graduate Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) is treating a patient following knee surgery. The PT’s initial evaluation and plan of care focus exclusively on therapeutic exercises to improve strength and functional mobility. No modalities for pain modulation are included in the plan of care. During the session, the patient reports increased pain and specifically requests TENS because they used it in the past and found it helpful. The PTA confirms that TENS is not listed anywhere in the PT’s plan of care and has not been delegated as an option. What is the MOST appropriate action for the PTA?

A patient arrives for Physical Therapy for her low back pain. She communicated requesting traction treatment and mentions that she received lumbar traction during physical therapy two years ago with good results. However, she now reports a recent diagnosis of severe osteoporosis confirmed by imaging.  What is the MOST appropriate action?  

The familiar growth form represented by edible mushrooms, as well as some poisonous mushrooms, is associated with the ________ phylum.

In most species, the female frog lays her eggs directly in the water as a male clasps her back and releases sperm. The fertilized eggs hatch into legless, aquatic tadpoles. Most tadpoles feed on algae, and have gills. As they mature, tadpoles develop legs and lungs, lose the tail, and acquire carnivorous tastes.Frogs are in which group?

A patient with lumbar radiculopathy reports increased centralization of symptoms during lumbar traction. The PTA prepares the patient in the position recommended for lumbar traction to reduce disc pressure. Which position should the PTA use? 

A PTA is setting up a patient for NMES using the following parameters: 2‑second ramp up, 2‑second ramp down, 30–80 pps frequency, and two electrodes per channel placed near the motor unit. As the on‑time begins, the patient reports that the intensity increases too quickly and feels uncomfortable. Which parameter should be modified to improve patient comfort?

A patient arrives in the clinic with an abrasive wound from a motorcycle accident. On examination, the PTA observes new capillary growth, fibroblast activity, granulation tissue, wound contraction, and production of extracellular matrix filling the tissue defect. Based on these findings, which stage of healing is the wound MOST likely in?

In most species, the female frog lays her eggs directly in the water as a male clasps her back and releases sperm. The fertilized eggs hatch into legless, aquatic tadpoles. Most tadpoles feed on algae, and have gills. As they mature, tadpoles develop legs and lungs, lose the tail, and acquire carnivorous tastes.Frogs have which of the following traits?

A PTA is performing IASTM on a patient’s upper trapezius. After several strokes, the PTA notices they are shrugging their own shoulders and leaning awkwardly over the table, increasing strain on their wrists and back. What should the PTA do to maintain a safe working environment?