A 60-year-old male with hypertension and prior myocardial infarction is prescribed metoprolol succinate. What is the primary pharmacologic effect that reduces blood pressure?

Which of the following best explains the mechanism by which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) contribute to the development of gastrointestinal ulcers? (Mark all that apply)

A 50-year-old woman presents with joint pain, swelling, and morning stiffness lasting more than an hour. She has tenderness and synovitis in multiple joints, including the wrists and small joints of the hands. Laboratory tests reveal positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies. Her erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are elevated. Radiographs show early erosive changes in the metacarpophalangeal joints. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial pharmacological treatment for this patient? 

A 58-year-old female undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer develops severe nausea and vomiting. She is prescribed ondansetron. Two hours after administration, she develops palpitations and lightheadedness. ECG reveals a prolonged QT interval. Which of the following best explains the mechanism responsible for this adverse effect?  

The American Heart Association recommends the best treatment for a blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg with Cardiovascular risks to include: 

A class of medications, the biologics, including etanercept (Enbrel) and adalimumab (Humira), are used for moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. Etanercept works by: 

Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term systemic corticosteroid use?

Which medication provides a protective barrier over ulcers, promoting healing without directly affecting acid production? 

RT is a 48 yo female on hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg po daily for mild hypertension. She should be counseled on the following as possible adverse effects of this thiazide diuretic:

Mark is a 55 year old man who presents with a sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in his right big toe. Upon examination, he is diagnosed with acute gouty arthritis.  Mark has a history of hypercholesteremia and takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) 20 mg daily.  Considering Mark’s comorbidity of hypercholesteremia, which of the following medications used for acute gouty arthritis treatment should be avoided due to potential interactions?