You are on an emergency medicine (EM) rotation rotation and you have an elderly patient that has come to you because they raised the temperature in their hot tub as high as it will go and, after a few minutes in the very warm water, felt faint, past out, and nearly drowned (note that while the elderly tend to migrate to warmer climates, they are constantly at risk of overheating; however, this hot tub fainting effect can happen in younger people as well). What happened here with respect to vasodilation, venous return and cardiac output which led to them having to visit the emergency room (ER)/emergency department (ED)?  

For the following, use your knowledge of the transepithelial transport of glucose: What processes help reabsorb glucose from the kidney tubule (and intestinal lumen) back into the blood?

True or False? Our respiratory mucociliary escalators fail if a saline-rich layer of water develops between the ciliated cells of the mucosa (mucous membrane) and the actual mucous.

True or False? Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a clinical lab measurement of a patient’s average red blood cell volume.

If you were to take the patient’s respiratory rate and multiply it by their tidal volume minus the anatomical dead space, the value you would get would be their:

True or False? Monozygotic twins develop from a single fertilized ovum that splits at an early stage in development into two embryos, whereas dizygotic twins develop when there is independent release of two secondary oocytes and subsequent fertilization of each by different spermatozoa.

With respect to the first step in hemostasis – vasoconstriction, when a vessel is cut paracrine molecules which are vasoconstrictive are released to slow blood flow/blood loss and this is similar to what you are trying to achieve more drastically by applying a tourniquet to a hemorrhage site. Say someone goes to draw blood from a patient’s superficial lower pressure MC (median cubital) vein but punctures the deeper higher pressure brachial artery accidently (they never learned their surface anatomy…). Does vasoconstriction and thus the indicated site for a tourniquet need to occur superior/proximal or inferior/distal to the vessel break? Hint: think about flow from the left side of the heart out to the systemic circulation.

During the thermoregulatory response to exercise, cutaneous vasodilation can be maintained in spite of widespread sympathetic vasoconstriction to maintain mean arterial pressure because:

The following group of hormones induce the secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells as part of the feedforward response to the presence of carbohydrates in the GI lumen.

Oral contraceptive pills containing estradiol or estradiol plus progesterone are given at specific doses during the ovarian cycle to prevent follicle maturation and ovulation. Hypothesize which of these is correct with respect to how these pills work just simply based on what you know about normal feedback regulation by these hormones during the ovarian cycle.