The subject is a 68-year-old male retired smoker with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He gets short of breath easily, has a chronic cough, and his oxygen levels are often low. He reports morning headaches and fatigue. What is the patient’s hematocrit (HCT) value?

The subject is a 58-year-old male with Type 2 diabetes for 15 years. He has developed kidney problems and reports feeling tired and short of breath during normal activities. His recent lab work shows declining kidney function. What is the patient’s hematocrit (HCT) value?

If an organism that is homozygous dominant is crossed with a heterozygote for that trait, the offspring will be __________.    [Alignment Note: LO13-A&C]

Which of the following is an example of signal amplification?

A man who carries an allele of an X-linked gene will pass it on to _______________.

If an organism that is homozygous dominant is crossed with a heterozygote for that trait, the offspring will be __________. 

A mutation causes DNA ligase to become nonfunctional during DNA replication. Which outcome is most likely?   [Alignment Note: LO14E – Predict the effect of disrupting DNA ligase.]

The final electron acceptor during aerobic cellular respiration is______.

A woman with normal color vision, but whose father is red-green colorblind, mates with a man who is red-green colorblind. Knowing that red-green colorblindness is controlled by a gene on the X chromosome, what can you predict for their children with regard to inheritance of color vision?   [Alignment Note: LO13-C]

Recall that the gene for red or white eye color in fruit flies is X-linked, with the white color allele recessive. You examine a vial of 100 flies that are all offspring from a single genetic cross. In the vial you find that all females are red-eyed, while the males are about half red-eyed and half white-eyed. The genotypes of the parents were:   [Alignment Note: LO13-C]