When one sex invests considerably less than the other sex in terms of reproductive investment or effort, what is invariably true?

Where females are clustered in a space, what type of mating system is likely to result?

The second observation in the argument for natural selection is that the availability of resources is limited. When this second observation is applied to the argument for sexual selection, it is framed as 

The genetic advantage to females in mating non-monogamously because her offspring will have superior alleles is known as the

The genetic advantage to females in mating non-monogamously because her offspring will have a greater variety of allele combinations is known as the

When an individual succeeds (and therefore breeds) based on its superior capacity to survive climate change, it is an example of

Female stalk-eyed flies choose males partly on the length of their eyestalks. What appears to be the benefit for females by doing this?

Which of the following is NOT likely to be associated with vicariance allopatry?

In 1838 Darwin reads an essay by an English clergyman and economist by the name of  __________ that argued that human growth rate would always outpace resource growth.

Physical/morphological differences between males and females within a species are referred to as: