Alan is a senior-level manager who assumes all workers are lazy and irresponsible, and require constant supervision to achieve the organization’s goals. Alan’s beliefs reflect which management theory?

_____ refers to reductions in the average cost of a unit of production as the total volume produced increases.

When a manager treats employees as lazy, unmotivated, and in need of tight supervision, the employees eventually meet the manager’s expectations by acting that way. According to Douglas McGregor, this is known as a(n)

Which statement is accurate about effective delegation?

_____ refers to the moral principles and standards that guide the behavior of an individual or group.

The systems theory emphasizes

In a vertical structure, narrow spans of control build a(n) __________organization with many reporting levels.

Successful managers do not need to utilize all four functions of management, just the ones relevant to their business.

The systematic management approach achieved operational goals in part by standardizing techniques for performing tasks.

__________managers are senior executives responsible for the overall management and effectiveness of an organization.