Story: In 1978 Fiat introduced a car that could run entirely on ethanol. In the United States corn is milled and broken down into starch, fiber, protein and more. Corn is roughly 20% starch, 35% hemicellulose and 14% cellulose. Following saccharification (the breakdown of complex carbohydrates), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) catabolize the sugar substrates to make ethanol.    Scenario: Generation of ethanol  1. For this  scenario, list the pathways involved in the correct order.    2. For this scenario, indicated if it is: chemoorganotroph                 chemolithotroph         phototroph                  autotroph.                     heterotroph                 aerobic                          anaerobic

The differential staining properties observed following a Gram stain procedure (ex. purple vs pink coloration) are due to:

What scenario would provide the following pathway, electron donors and TEA?   PATHWAY: Glycolysis – PDC/bridge – TCA/krebs  –  Aerobic ETC  – ATP synthase ELECTRON DONORS: NADH/FADH2 TEA: O2

Laboratory related questions

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the electron donors in bacterial metabolism?

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis (the Calvin cycle) converts atmospheric _________________________[A] into an organic carbon source called _________________________[B] using the products  _________________________[C] and _________________________[D] from photosynthesis as chemical energy.   The chemical energy outputs of the Calvin Cycle _________________________[E] and_________________________[F] feed into the light-dependent reactions (photosynthesis) and aid in the conversion of light energy into chemical energy within the thylakoid. During photosynthesis atmospheric  _________________________[G] is used as an electron donor and _________________________[H] is produced as the byproduct of oxidation.         note:  The same image was uploaded using 3 different file-types in hopes that you can see at least one of them.  If you do not see an image, it is not necessary to be successful on this question.

Which of the following statements are true of a bacteria that has been placed in a hypertonic environment (select all that apply).

Epithelium present in kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, and ovary surface.

Burns are considered critical if:

Wraps and cushions organs.