If the patient requires IV fluid replacement to correct his fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia), which type of crystalloid solution would typically be used first for rehydration?

A client with Wilson’s disease has an excessive accumulation of copper in their body. Which type of medication would be used to bind to the excess copper and promote its excretion?

A nurse is teaching a client about a newly prescribed transdermal fentanyl patch for chronic pain. Which client statement indicates a need for further education?

A nurse is conducting a medication history for a new client. The client lists their prescription drugs but does not mention the daily St. John’s wort they take. Why is the omission of this herbal supplement a significant safety concern?

A pediatric client’s dose for a medication is calculated based on body surface area (BSA). Why is BSA sometimes preferred over weight-based (mg/kg) dosing, especially for certain drugs like chemotherapeutic agents?

A client is receiving an IV transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and develops fever, chills, and back pain 30 minutes into the transfusion. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as indicative of a febrile transfusion reaction. Which action should the nurse take FIRST?

A client is prescribed a water-soluble vitamin supplement to treat a deficiency. The nurse explains that water-soluble vitamins differ from fat-soluble vitamins in that they:

A client is admitted with severe dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea. The physician orders an intravenous fluid to restore extracellular fluid volume without causing a significant shift of fluid into cells. Which type of IV solution would be most appropriate for this client?

A nurse commits a medication error that results in severe temporary harm to a client. The hospital conducts a root cause analysis. According to the principles of a ‘just culture’ and modern safety science, what is the primary focus of this analysis?

Why must an oral medication dose often be higher than an intravenous (IV) dose of the same drug to achieve the same therapeutic effect?