In a study of flower color in a population of true-breeding red-flowered and white-flowered plants, the red color is dominant, and white is recessive. Crossing true-breeding red-flowered plants with true-breeding white-flowered plants results in an F1 generation where 100% of the offspring have red flowers. The F1 plants are self-fertilized to produce an F2 generation. In a randomly selected set of 100 flowers from the F2 generation, you observe 75 red-flowered plants and 25 white-flowered plants. What is the observed frequency of the dominant allele in this F2 population? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

IA and IB are dominant traits for blood types A and B respectively. If a person has both, they are blood type AB (IAIB). Blood type O happens when people have two recessive i alleles. IAi and IAIA give blood type A.  What is the probability that a woman with blood type AB and a man with O have a child with blood type B? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

Wild type blue-eyed Mary has blue flowers. Two genes control the pathway that makes the blue pigment: The product of gene W turns a white precursor into magenta pigment. The product of gene M turns the magenta pigment into blue pigment. Each gene has a recessive loss-of-function allele: w and m, respectively. A double heterozygote is cross with a double homozygote recessive. What proportion of offspring will be blue? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

Wild type blue-eyed Mary has blue flowers. Two genes control the pathway that makes the blue pigment: The product of gene W turns a white precursor into magenta pigment. The product of gene M turns the magenta pigment into blue pigment. Each gene has a recessive loss-of-function allele: w and m, respectively. A double heterozygote is cross with a plant that is homozygous recessive for W and heterozygous for the other gene. What proportion of offspring will be white? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

What is F for V-1? Hint: F takes into consideration all the alleles IBD. Probability of an allele IBD , where n= # of transmission events. Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

Coat color in mice is controlled by the interaction of two genes: Gene #1: The black coat color allele (B) is dominant over the brown coat color allele (b). Gene #2: Expression of coat color allele (C) is dominant over masking of coat color allele (c). Genotypes CC and Cc enable the expression of coat color, and the genotype cc will mask the expression of coat color, resulting in a white mouse.  What is the expected phenotypic ratio (Black: Brown: White) that results from a cross between two black mice heterozygous for both genes?  Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

IA and IB are dominant traits for blood types A and B respectively. If a person has both, they are blood type AB (IAIB). Blood type O happens when people have two recessive i alleles. IAi and IAIA give blood type A.  Before DNA, paternity tests used to use blood type to determine whether an individual was not the father. If a woman with blood type A has a child with blood type O, which of the following individuals could not be the father? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

You perform a cross (RrSs x rrss) and obtain the following results. According to these results, which map is correct? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

The genetic profile of the embryos in a population is indicated in the table below. Following natural selection, the deleterious phenotype disappears and only a portion of the population reaches adulthood. Think about the values needed to complete the table, this will help you find the values needed for this question and the following two. What is the frequency of allele a in the reproductive adults? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.

The ABO and MN blood groups are given below for four set of parents (1 to 4). Recall that the ABO blood group has three alleles: IA, IB, and i. The MN blood group has two codominant alleles, M and N. Its three blood group phenotypes, M, MN, and N, correspond to the genotypes MM, MN, and NN. The ABO blood groups assorts independently of the MN blood group.Using your knowledge of these genetic systems, who are the parents of a child with blood type O and M blood group? Select the right answer and show your work on your scratch paper for credit.