A 34‑week infant with pneumonia is on nasal CPAP 5 cm H₂O, FiO₂ 0.55. ABG: pH 7.31, PaCO₂ 52 mm Hg, PaO₂ 46 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻ 25 mEq/L. Work of breathing is moderate. Which ventilatory adjustment is the best next step?

A 26-week neonate with severe RDS is failing CMV despite optimal lung-protective settings: FiO2 0.80, mean airway pressure high, persistent hypoxemia, and evidence of air leak. The team considers switching to high-frequency ventilation. What is the primary advantage of high-frequency ventilation in this scenario?

A respiratory therapist is preparing to perform a heel stick on a neonate. Which of the following pain control measures should be administered 2 minutes before the procedure?

A 30 weeks of gestational age newborn has been on the ventilator for 9 weeks with both Pa co 2 values around 60 and Pa o 2 values around 60, despite increased ventilator settings. Chest radiography reveals atelectasis, hyperlucencies, cystic changes, hyperinflation, and mild cardiomegaly. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is suspected. Which of the following strategies has been shown to decrease the incidence of BPD? Antenatal steroids Use of nasal CPAP in the delivery room and lung-protective strategies when intubation is required Early surfactant administration Fluid restriction to less than 120 mL/kg/day High-frequency ventilation

What is the proper procedure to implement for a neonate known to have experienced meconium aspiration before birth?  

Draw and label the APGAR score

Appropriate stimulation of a newborn includes which of the following? A. Flicking the bottoms of the feet. B. Gently shaking the shoulders. C. Drying with a warm towel. D. Gently rubbing the back.

Most of the fetal blood entering via the right atrium is shunted to the left atrium through the:  

Macroglossia mainly causes problems by:

Apnea is a pathologic condition in which breathing ceases for a period of _____ seconds or longer.