More tree-drawing Draw a phrase structure tree for the sentence in italics below. (It’s big and long, but just go step by step, and you’ll figure it out. There will of course be partial credit given.) If your tree can’t fit on a single piece of paper, draw it in parts and indicate clearly how the parts connect. Feel free to turn the paper sideways. Use these PSRs: S → NP VP NP → (Det) N NP → (Det) Adj N NP → NP PP NP → Pro VP → V (NP) (NP) VP → V (NP) (PP) (use this rule for a PP argument, i.e.,  if the sentence is incomplete without the PP) VP → V (NP) (CP) VP → VP PP (use this rule for a PP adjunct, i.e., if deleting the PP leaves a complete sentence) VP → VP Adv VP → V VP  (use this rule for auxiliary verbs) PP → P NP CP → (C) S Upload your tree as a pdf file here if it works; if not, upload it to the “Test 1 trees” assignment in Canvas. (Would is an auxiliary verb.)   Erica told the director that the rest of the talented amateur cast would perform for the critic from the big city.

In Chamorro (spoken in Guam), kanno means ‘to eat’ and kakanno means ‘eater’; tuge means ‘to write’ and tutuge means ‘writer.’ This derivation demonstrates the process of ___________ .

List the English sounds that make up the natural class of voiceless obstruents. Put all of the IPA symbols in the blank, with a comma and a space between each one. Copy/paste the symbols below as needed. ɪ ɛ æ ə ʌ ɑ ɔ ʊ ʔ θ ð ʃ ʒ ŋ ɾ ɹ

Using the Martian English phrase structure rules, draw a tree of the same Martian English sentence: Made a spaceship green the child happy. Be sure to draw the tree of the Martian English sentence, not its Earth English translation! Upload your tree as a pdf file here if it works; if not, upload it to the “Test 1 trees” assignment in Canvas.  

The sentence below is ambiguous. It the ambiguity lexical or structural? The children have eaten crunchy pretzels and cookies.

Write two paraphrases to unambiguously explain the two meanings of this sentence. (You can just change the order of the words if that makes it clear, but feel free to reword your paraphrases entirely if necessary.) The children have eaten crunchy pretzels and cookies. [paraphrase1] [paraphrase2]

daydreaming [morpheme1] [morpheme2] [morpheme3] [morpheme4] [morpheme5] [type1] [type2] [type3] [type4] [type5] DP: derivational prefix, IP: inflectional prefix, R: root, DS: derivational suffix, IS: inflectional suffix

misapplication [morpheme1] [morpheme2] [morpheme3] [morpheme4] [morpheme5] [type1] [type2] [type3] [type4] [type5] DP: derivational prefix, IP: inflectional prefix, R: root, DS: derivational suffix, IS: inflectional suffix

English Morphology: Hierarchical Structure For each of the words below, show the order of attachment of the affixes, giving the part of speech at each step. Unlike the previous group of questions, put all of the morphemes you’re dealing with at a particular step into the same box, but with hyphens between them. Type “x” into unneeded spaces, if any.

Martian Syntax Linguists doing fieldwork on Mars have discovered a different dialect of English spoken by the planet’s inhabitants.  They have described the language with the following lexicon and phrase structure rules: Martian phrase structure rules S → VP NP NP → Det N N → N Adj VP→ V (NP) VP → V (CP) CP → S C Lexicon N = child, spaceship, star, flower Adj = green, shiny, happy V = bought, likes, made, sleeps, knows, climbed Det = a, the C = that Based on the Martian phrase structure rules, mark each sentence as grammatical or ungrammatical. [S1] Knows the spaceship a flower happy. [S2] A flower shiny likes child the. [S3] Knows climbed a flower the child green that the star. [S4] Bought flower green a child. [S5] Sleeps star the.