A surface of erosion between rocks that represents a gap in Earth’s history is

When rocks at great depths beneath the Earth’s surface, where pressures and temperatures are very high, are subjected to stress, how do they tend to respond?     

Which position in the diagram below corresponds to a new moon as viewed from Earth?

Is the rock in the following image coarse-grained or fine-grained?

What is the name of the decayed organic matter found in soil?

Which of the following conditions would favor the plastic deformation of rocks:    I. High temperatures    II. Low pressures (rocks near the surface)    III. Rapid application of stress.

The average distance of Mercury from the Sun is 36 million miles, and the average distance of Venus from the Sun is 67 million miles. However, the average surface temperature of Mercury is 260°C and the average temperature of Venus is 480°C. How do astronomers account for Venus being farther from the Sun than Mercury but having a higher surface temperature than Mercury?

  Which position in the above diagram corresponds to a full moon?

At 11:00 pm in Seoul, South Korea (38°N, 127°E) on April 5, what is the time and date in Auckland, New Zealand (37°N, 175°E)? (Disregard daylight savings time)

Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?