Valves within the heart

What does the P wave represents on the EKG?

The S3 heart sound is most commonly associated with what disorder? 

Non-healing wounds and ulcers to the lower extremities and painful cramps and aching while walking are symptoms of which disorder? 

A 36 year old female presents with shortness of breath and chest discomfort after a long road trip.  Vitals: BP 156/81, Pulse 112, RR 25, O2 89% on room air, Temp 98.9F History: tobacco use, migraines, obesity, hypothyroidism Home medications include levothyroxine and birth control pills.  Chest CTA reveals a right sided pulmonary emboli (PE). Labs: WBC 10.5            x1000/mm RBC 4.9           Mill/min HgB 11.9         gm/dl HCT 32.6        % Plt 400            x1000/mm   Na+ 138 mEq/L K+ 3.2 mEq/L Cr 0.9 mg/dL BUN 12  mg/dL Glucose 132 mg/dl Ca+ 7.9 mg/dL   High Sen – Troponin 50ng/L CKMB 10IU/L Repeat High Sen – Troponin 56ng/L EKG:  (Knechtel, M. A. (2021). EKG 5.3. In Springer Publishing.)   What is the secondary diagnosis? 

The endocardium is known as the “heart muscle” and is the thickest layer of heart. 

The S1 heart sound occurs during ventricular contraction as the AV valves are opening. 

The nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient about lifestyle changes. Which instruction is most important?

Which symptoms should alert the nurse to early signs of hypoglycemia? 

A patient receives epinephrine for anaphylactic shock. Which finding indicates the medication is effective?