ScLi-6 Identify research questions/gaps addressed by research papers- Benchmark Please write 2-3 sentences answering each of these items, you can use examples from the articles you have read in this course: 1. How and where can you identify the gaps in introductions of research papers? 2. How and where can you identify what the research question of a research paper is?

When buying a laptop, a consumer considers battery life, processing speed, and reliability to be the most important factors. These are examples of:

SECTION 5  (Upload REQUIRED) Consider a linear regression model

What loss function should be used for this problem?

What is the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of

SECTION 1 (upload NOT required) A single decision tree is trained on the following sample to solve a binary classification problem.   X1 = [2, 2, 5, 6]  X2 = [1, 3, 4, 4]  Y = [0, 1, 1, 0]  Complete the following diagram representing the parameters of the trained model. Note that there is an infinite number of solutions, and any valid one will be accepted. Round to the second decimal. 

Which of the following methods must be implemented in any custom (user-implemented) PyTorch model, e.g., XORModel(nn.Module), in order to perform backpropagation?

SECTION 8  (Upload REQUIRED) You are analyzing a 2D dataset of student test scores (Math vs. Physics). The data are centered at the origin (0, 0). The variance is highest along a diagonal line where Math and Physics scores are nearly equal. Consider two vectors: A = (0.71, 0.71) B = (-0.71, 0.71)

SECTION 3  (Upload NOT required) Consider a reinforcement learning problem where an agent is trying to balance a pole. States: Angle of the pole (“left”, “center”, “right”). Actions: The agent can move the cart left or right. Goal: Keep the pole at “center”. Task termination: if the cart is moved left when the state is “left” or right when the state is “right”. If the agent receives a reward of -100 every time the pole falls, what is the agent’s primary strategy?

What optimizer is used to train the network? Write down only the name as shown in the code snippet (various answers are possible).