Fill in the blanks given electric circuit variables (may not use all) for questions a) ~ d). a)  R = 5 Ω,  V = 12 V,  C = 13 F I =          A

A half-center oscillator is a simple neural network of two neurons whose output consists of rhythmic “back and forth” bursts of activity like that of the leech heart shown below. In the half center oscillator model you developed for the modeling project, which of the following mechanism is responsible for ending the burst of a cell in each cycle.

b)  V = 100 V,  I = 10 mA,  C = 1 mF R =          kΩ

For the dendrite with passive membrane and resting potential of -75 mV in the figure below (the length is much longer than the portion shown), a constant NEGATIVE current is injected to the dendrite through the electrode on the left (red). At steady state, another electrode on the right (blue) reads a membrane potential of -82 mV.   Which of the following would be a possible value of the membrane potential read by the electrode on the left at the same time?

Part I (30 points)                      Write answers to the following questions in paper. Scan and upload your answer sheets to another site called 4590 Final Exam Part I (Upload site). DO NOT SCAN AND UPLOAD UNTIL you submit the online exam in Part II below. After you do that, show both sides of every answer sheet of Part I to the proctoring camera and then upload Part I as above. ___________________________________ 1.  This problem pertains to a passive membrane. (i) Sketch the structure of a neuronal membrane with only leak channels, and current injection input; (ii) Then show how you can use the various ‘laws’ to model this system as a differential equation with voltage as the dependent variable (output) and time as the independent variable. Sketch the electric circuit diagram of the system and provide all the math. Identify the key parameters of the system and indicate what they depend on. [15 points]   2. (i) Sketch a soma and a long passive dendrite (as in the Lab S4 ‘How do neurons communicate via synapses’). Next sketch the channels on the three compartments used in Lab S4 (one soma compartment and two dendrite compartments). (ii) Assume a synapse is located at the end of the dendrite. If a spike arrives at the synapse and dumps 20 +ve ions (one time, not continuous) into the post-synaptic membrane, explain the physics and math involved in the transmission of the signal (at the ionic level) from the end of the dendrite to the soma. Your explanation should be in steps 1, 2, 3,…., highlighting the specifics of how the law(s) are used in developing the model equations. Do not include explanation about how presynaptic release of neurotransmitters causes post-synaptic channels to open. That is, start assuming that 20 ions have already been injected into the post-synaptic membrane after a pre-synaptic spike. [15 points]

Which of the following forms of calcium is biologically active 

Which architectural pattern organizes the system into distinct tiers where each tier depends only on the ones beneath it, and is often recommended for quick development with fewer or inexperienced developers?

_____ is the belief that one’s culture and way of life are superior to those of other groups.

A ________ is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status.

Which type of behavioral UML diagram specifically emphasizes the time ordering of messages passed between different classes or components in a system?