In a Pre-conventional  level, Kohlberg  argues that a person has not internalized any sense of morality because:

“Legality” as source of moral truth has the following disadvantages, except:

A morality which is simply expressions or outburst of feelings and there is no moral truth in it.

Whether or not we are naturally selfish is a question related to issues surrounding:

For Western philosophers, the primary source of moral knowledge or moral truth is:

In the study of relativism in general, we can accept that “some things are relative like humor, taste, and preferences, except morality.”

It is an “institutionalized system of beliefs and values shared by the group and grounded in faith and the worship of a supreme transcendent being.”

For Lawrence Kohlberg, fear of punishment and expectations of reward are the main motives in the pre-conventional moral stage.

A kind of morality is created by a group of people, thus moral right or wrong is relative to a particular group of people or culture, and moral norms are binding only for those who belong to that group or culture.

At the Conventional stage level, Kohlberg argues that a person has social awareness and a sense of responsibility towards others because: