Name AND describe the 3 solutions to the tragedy of the commons. (Make sure to clearly describe each answer and write in complete sentences.)

Gray wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995, which have since resulted in a trophic cascade through the entire ecosystem. After the wolves were driven extinct in the region nearly 100 years ago, scientists began to fully understand their role in the food web as a keystone species. (a) Define keystone species.  (b) Describe how the reintroduction of the wolves benefitted TWO different species in Yellowstone National Park.  (c) Describe ONE way that the reintroduction of the wolves benefitted humans living near Yellowstone National Park.  (Make sure to clearly describe your answers and write in complete sentences.)

Which species would be most vulnerable to environmental changes?

Why is it so hard to know how many species exist on Earth? Describe at least 2 reasons. (Make sure to clearly describe your answers and write in complete sentences.)

The difference between potential and kinetic energy is that ____________.

Under what conditions would sympatric speciation most likely occur?

The table lists the number of individuals of each species found within four field communities. Which community is most diverse overall?

I agree to the following Online Exam Expectations: I will do my own work I will not use any online resources (ex. – NO Googling!) I will not communicate with anyone else in any way (no talking, texting, messaging, etc.) I will complete this test in the time allotted (no extra time allowed)

__________ succession begins on bare rock after glaciers have passed, or on newly formed volcanic islands.

High rates of species extinction caused by human activity have taken place at which of the following times in Earth’s history?