INSTRUCTIONS: A) Fill out a truth table for the following statement, and then B) state whether the statement is tautologous, self-contradictory, or contingent. Be sure to identify the main operator and show all of your work. (P  ⊃  ∼ B)  ∨  (B  ⊃  ∼ L) You may copy the first row of a table from here: (P ⊃ ~ B) ∨ (B ⊃ ~ L)

​ ​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. The world-wide disappearance of frogs may be the result of agricultural runoff. Scientists have shown that runoff rich in fertilizer causes a pronounced increase in the algae of lakes and ponds. Snails then gorge themselves on the algae, causing parasites living inside them to produce huge quantities of eggs. When the eggs hatch, the parasites infect young frogs, causing severe deformation of their limbs.

INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.As climate change continues, the temperature of the world’s oceans will rise. As ocean temperatures rise, hurricanes will become more intense. Therefore, hurricanes in the Caribbean will intensify in the years ahead.

INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.As the universe expands, it gets colder and colder. Furthermore, this expansion will continue for ever and ever. Therefore, at some point in the future the universe will become too cold to support human life, and all humans will perish.

INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.After examining DNA evidence found at the crime scene, Dr. Jacobs, a highly qualified forensic biologist, says that Alex Foster could not have committed the crime. Therefore, we conclude that Foster is innocent.

INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.Either Leonardo da Vinci or Andrew Wyeth painted the Mona Lisa. But it clearly wasn’t da Vinci. Therefore, Andrew Wyeth painted the Mona Lisa.

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct translation for each problem. Both Baylor and Rice do not raise tuition provided that Smith increases enrollment.

INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.Either Bill Clinton or George W. Bush was president when the World Trade Center towers were destroyed. But Bush was not president at that time. Therefore, Bill Clinton was president when those buildings were destroyed.

​ ​ INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.While there is no technology to reduce CO2 from a car’s exhaust, we can make cars pollute less by making them more fuel efficient. By using today’s best technology, car makers could dramatically increase the fuel economy of their cars and trucks. In fact, off-the-shelf technology can change the nation’s best selling SUV, the Ford Explorer, from a 19 mpg gas guzzler to an efficient 34 mpg vehicle. If we are to make any progress in slowing global warming, we must make our cars go farther on a gallon of gas. Sierra Club, “Global Warming Solutions”

INSTRUCTIONS: The following problems relate to identifying and evaluating inductive and deductive arguments. Select the best answer for each.If Ken Burns makes historical documentaries, then he enhances our knowledge of the past. Ken Burns does make historical documentaries. Therefore he enhances our knowledge of the past.