I attest that the exam will be my own work. I will neither give nor receive assistance with the exam. I understand this is a open book / note exam. I will not copy or print this exam.

Which of the following physiological factors involving diabetes results in glomerular injury (i.e., initial increases in permeability and eventual fibrosis)?

A 23-yr-old woman with a BMI of 36 and fasting glucose of 116 has been referred to a fertility clinic after 1 year of attempting to become pregnant, where she was subsequently diagnosed with PCOS. Which of the following is an accurate portrayal of the pathophysiology that reflects the manifestations seen in PCOS?

A nurse has noted the high incidence of urinary tract obstructions of a variety of etiologies. Which of the following individuals is NOT at a risk of developing urinary tract obstruction?

Although growth rate is variable among types of bacteria, the growth of bacteria is dependent on:

Which of the following statements provides blood work results and rationale that would be most closely associated with an acute coronary syndrome?

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of tubulointerstitial renal disorders?

Because of the increased focus on safe sex in preventing HIV spread, the incidence of HIV transmission in this mechanism has been reduced to the point that now the most common mode of HIV transmission is via contaminated blood (such as the sharing of needles).

A 73-year-old man presents to his family physician with complaints of recent urinary hesitation and is eventually diagnosed with BPH. Which of the following clinical consequences would his care provider expect to occur because of his health problem?

A 13-year-old boy has had a sore throat for at least a week and has been vomiting for 2 days. His glands are swollen and he moves stiffly because his joints hurt. His parents, who believe in natural remedies have been treating him with various herbal preparations without success and are now seeking antibiotic treatment. Throat cultures show infection with group A streptococci. This child is at a high risk for?