Researchers are conducting a 10-year longitudinal study of sunlight exposure on risk of developing skin cancer.  The researchers have discovered an error their baseline sunlight assessment tool (a light meter badge worn by the participants that records the amount of sunlight).  This error underestimates the amount of sunlight exposure. What term do we use in epidemiology to describe this?

Ecologic studies are good for generating hypotheses.

Confounding is difficult to control in ecologic studies.

In the figure above, the incidence is:_____________

If you are interested in finding out whether average obesity rates in 27 metropolitan areas are associated with the number of bikes per population in those metro areas, what kind of study would you conduct?

Levi is a brand manager for The North Face and manages their school backpack business. His boss just asked him to bring their unit market share of the school backpack category in Upper Arlington to the board of directors call in five minutes. Levi pulled the data and here’s what he found. North Face: 20 backpacks ($20/unit), JanSport: 30 backpacks ($10/unit), Champion: 50 backpacks ($6/unit). What is The North Face’s UNIT market share:

Which of the following is the best example of a case fatality rate?

The primary cause of death in the year 1900 was___________________.

Bias due to loss to follow-up is a major concern in cross-sectional descriptive studies.

A patient with prolonged bed rest following a stroke is being assessed for body alignment. The nurse observes external rotation of the hips, a forward head tilt, and a rigid posture. What is the best nursing intervention?