A supernova always leaves behind a neutron star. 

The venous system contains a higher volume of blood than the arterial system. 

Bonus: Let’s pretend your patient was informed today that their SA node is no longer working. They have a heart rate of 45 beats per minute. It is your job to help your patient’s family understand what has happened. Explain how their heart is still beating? Why do they have a lower-than-normal heart rate?  What term describes a low heart rate? Are the atria contracting? Are the ventricles contracting? Any other details you can share to help the family understand what is happening? Be detailed and use correct grammar.

Mrs. Jones comes to the ER with a sudden onset blood pressure of 160/98 mmHg. What physiologic changes might be occurring in her body to try to maintain a normal homeostatic blood pressure? Discuss the responses of the cardiovascular, endocrine, and urinary systems in regulating blood pressure. In your response, define what blood pressure measures and determine whether Mrs. Jones is experiencing a normal blood pressure level. Provide specific mechanisms and their effects on homeostasis. Grading Criteria: Definition of Blood Pressure & Normal Range (2 points) – Explain what blood pressure measures, its units (mmHg), and determine whether Mrs. Jones’ blood pressure is normal. Cardiovascular System Response (2 points) – Describe how the heart and blood vessels respond to hypertension, including vasodilation and baroreceptor reflexes. Endocrine System Response (2 points) – Explain hormonal responses such as changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), epinephrine/norepinephrine effects, and the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Urinary System Response (2 points) – Discuss how the kidneys regulate blood pressure through sodium excretion and urine production. Organization & Clarity (2 points) – Ensure a well-structured response with logical progression and clarity.

Venous valves ensure blood flow in one direction. 

In terms of permeability, place the three types of capillaries in order from least permeable to most permeable. 

During atrial contraction and ventricular filling, which of the following applies?

Which has the lowest entropy?

An orange photon has a lower energy than a green photon. Therefore the orange photon has [L] wavelength, [f] frequency and [v] speed.

Every helium nucleus has 2 protons. Suppose a helium ion has no electrons. What is the ion’s charge?