An 83 year old client has been admitted to the hospital from a nursing home with a fever of unknown origin, and confusion. Assessment findings include dry, flushed skin with poor skin turgor, dry, coated tongue, restlessness and elevated temperature. Blood pressure is within normal limits urine is dark amber and strong smelling, specific gravity is 1.045 (1.005-1.030), BUN is 64 mg/dL (10-20 mg/dL). This data is consistent with:

The nurse is assessing a client with renal failure and notes that the client is lethargic with depressed respirations. The client’s BP is 80/40 mm Hg, HR is 58 beats/min; RR is 12 breaths/min; and hypoactive reflexes are present. Which of the following may be the cause of these symptoms?

An 80 year old client has an upper respiratory infection.  He said, “After two weeks it went into my chest. I am feeling tightness in my chest, am coughing and am unable to breathe well.” Which acid base imbalance is this client be at risk for developing?

The nurse is caring for a group of clients. The nurse will identify which client to be at the highest risk for developing hyperkalemia?

The nurse is caring for a client with arterial blood gas results of:  pH 7.30, pCO2 48, HCO3 35, pO2 78. Which of the following questions will the nurse ask the client in order to help determine an etiology for this arterial blood gas result?(Normal value ranges: pH 7.35-7.45, HCO3 21-28 mEq/L, pCO2 35-45 mm Hg, PaO2 80-100 mm Hg)) 

A client in the immediate postoperative period has arterial blood gas values as follows:  pH 7.30, pCO2 52, HCO3 22. What is the best nursing action based on these values?(Normal value ranges: pH 7.35-7.45, HCO3 21-28 mEq/L, pCO2 35-45 mm Hg)

A client with dry skin and mucous membranes is weak, has orthostatic blood pressure changes and decreased urine output. The client’s serum osmolality is within normal limits.  Which of the following IV fluids will the nurse anticipate being ordered for this client? 

An infant brought in to the emergency department is severely dehydrated after an extended episode of diarrhea. Which of the following acid-base imbalances is most likely to occur? 

The nurse is reviewing admission lab results for a client. The client’s electrolyte panel results show a serum sodium level of 122 mEq/L (136-145 mEq/L). While assessing the client, which symptoms will the nurse expect to find related to the sodium level?

A 16 year old girl is seen by her primary care provider because her parents are concerned about her binge eating and their recent discovery that she engages in self-induced vomiting. What type of acid-base disorder would this client be at risk for developing?