In the equation , the variable α is equal to _____ for ASD.

Determine the value of plastic section modulus, Z, about the horizontal z axis for the section. Let bf = 11 in., d = 24 in., tw = 0.250 in., and tf = 0.750 in.

A W8x31 made of A572 Grade 65 steel is subjected to a maximum bending moment of 100 kip-ft about its x-axis. Determine the maximum magnitude of bending stress in the beam.

Determine the value of the section modulus, S, about the horizontal z axis for the section. Let bf = 13 in., d = 16 in., tw = 0.250 in., and tf = 0.750 in.

Determine the value of the section modulus, S, about the horizontal z axis for the section. Let bf = 16 in., d = 24 in., tw = 0.375 in., and tf = 0.875 in.

Determine the value of the section modulus, S, about the horizontal z axis for the section. Let bf = 16 in., d = 20 in., tw = 0.250 in., and tf = 0.750 in.

The beam is braced at A, B, and C. Determine the lateral-torsional-buckling modification factor, Cb, for the unbraced length AB. Let w = 5 kip/ft, LAB = 16 ft, and LBC = 7 ft.

A W24x68 made of A572 Grade 65 steel is subjected to a maximum bending moment of 530 kip-ft about its x-axis. Determine the maximum magnitude of bending stress in the beam.

Determine the nominal flexural strength, Mn, of a W12x40 for a simple span of 10 ft with continuous lateral support. Use Fy = 90 ksi and Cb = 1.0.

A W8x31 beam made from A36 steel would be classified as _______.