Please read carefully the questions and fill out the following blank. The Occupancy Grid Mapping (OGM) method represents an environment as a 2D grid of a robot, where each grid cell has a probability value that indicates whether it is occupied, free, or unknown. Binary random variables are used for calculation of OGM as follows in figure. As the robot gathers new data, the probability values of each cell are updated through Bayesian update, occupied cells increase their probability if a sensor detects an obstacle. OGM will take __________________ in OGM algorithm to calculate and handle uncertainty in sensor measurements effectively.

Large question: In the path planning of a robot, potentials are expressed in Cartesian workspace of the robot. Obstacles which have to be avoided are surrounded by repulsive potential fields and the goal point is surrounded by an attractive field. These potentials are added to form a composite potential. The robot moves in this field of form as shown as follows. Figure. Force in the artificial potential field Figure. The local minimum situation in a 1D case.      

What is the certification process, backed by the UN, designed to ensure that only legally mined rough diamonds reach the market?

Which country funded the American Revolution?

Carefully read the statement and determine whether it is true (T) or false (F). The high computational demands of distance transform and skeletonization methods render them impractical for large-scale maps, prompting the development of more efficient probabilistic approaches. Among these, the probabilistic roadmap (PRM) method stands out as one of the most widely recognized techniques. This model randomly samples the workspace to address computational limitations effectively.

Sec. 1245 recapture applies to all the following except

The Declaration of Independence’s contractual view of political structure, in which the government drew its authority from “the consent of the governed,” was influenced most heavily by

What is the Wallace Line?

What European countries were the primary colonizers of Latin America?

Which country is an example of an archipelago?