Urbanized societies, while often associated with dense population centers and infrastructure, also require stretches of uninhabited and undeveloped land to achieve sustainable development (SDG #11). Explain the significance of green spaces in urban environments. How do they contribute to the overall quality of life for city dwellers? Discuss the ecological functions of undeveloped land, such as carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and water filtration. How do these functions benefit urban ecosystems and human health? What are the challenges and opportunities associated with preserving and creating green spaces in rapidly growing cities?

The circular economy is a promising alternative to the traditional linear economy, which has contributed to resource depletion and environmental degradation. Discuss the key principles and characteristics of the circular economy. How does it differ from the “take-make-dispose” model in terms of resource management and waste reduction? Analyze the potential benefits of adopting a circular economic model at both the individual and societal levels. Consider the implications for resource conservation, job creation, and economic growth. Identify the challenges and barriers to implementing a circular economy on a large scale. What strategies can be employed to overcome these obstacles and accelerate the transition to a more sustainable economic system?

Urban heat island (UHI) effects have significant implications for the livability and sustainability of cities. One consequence of UHI is the increased migration of residents to suburban areas. Explain the concept of the urban heat island effect. How does it contribute to higher temperatures in urban areas compared to surrounding rural areas? Discuss the specific environmental and health impacts of UHI on urban dwellers. Beyond temperature, what other factors might influence the decision of urban residents to move to the suburbs? Consider economic, social, and lifestyle factors. How can sustainable urban planning and development strategies address the challenges posed by UHI and encourage residents to remain in cities?

Given the projected global population of 9.6 billion by 2050, food security is a major concern under SDGs. Sustainable agriculture offers a potential solution.i. Define sustainable agriculture and explain the role of legume-symbiosis in promoting agricultural sustainability. ii. List four examples of leguminous plants.

The amount of antibiotics used in feedlot meat production raises the concern of creating antibiotic-resistant diseases.

Possible indications for inhaled nitric oxide (NO) include which of the following?

A 27-year-old woman received from the emergency department to an acute care bed is on a nasal cannula at 5 L/min.  Approximately what FIO2 is this patient receiving?

A diet inadequate in iron produces a condition called

A patient with chronic hypercapnia placed on an FIO2 of 0.6 starts hypoventilating.  What is a possible cause of the phenomenon?

You enter the room of a patient who is receiving nasal O2 through a bubble humidifier at 5 L/min.  You immediately notice that the humidifier pressure relief is popping off (and is whistling).  Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?