Clinical Case Questions 14, 15A 48- year- old women presented with epigastric discomfort.  Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed severe gastric mucosal damage.  Biopsy specimens were taken from the gastric corpus (body) and histology confirmed severe damage. The serum showed elevated level of anti-parietal cell antibodies but was negative for H. pylori.  The diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis was confirmed. Case Question 14: The finding of serum anti-parietal cell antibody (targeting parietal cells) could be associated with a decreased production of which of the following gastric component?

Clinical Case for Questions 6 and 7, 8A 49-year old women who takes the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAD), ibuprofen for joint pain in her hands, presents with increasing pain in her upper abdomen.  Gastroscopy revealed multiple scattered lesions in her gastric mucosa.  Biopsy from one of these lesions reveals mucosal erosion with significantly decreased size of mucosa.  However there was no ulceration and blood test was negative for the following:  anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody, anti-parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. Case Question 6: Which type of mucosal epithelium is expected to be found in a healthy gastric region?

CASE #4: Your new patient presents with a chief complaint of “I want to get established as a patient and I think I may have some gum issues going on”. During the health history and dental history, the patient reports high blood pressure and diabetes that he takes medications for and that he is a current daily cigarette and e-cigarette/vaping user.  He used to have regular dental hygiene appointments, but has not been in a dental office since the COVID pandemic started in 2020. During the head and neck exam you identify that they have a white and yellow lesion on their side of their tongue, 3 teeth that appear to have decay and gingiva that is swollen, red, and blunted. When you ask about the tongue, the patient says that it has been there for about a month and has not healed. During the periodontal and clinical examination you detect 4-6mm probe depths on all of the posterior teeth, furcation involvement on several molars and generalized bleeding. Use this information to answer the following questions: QUESTION: Which risk assessment form would be difficult to complete using the information from this scenario?

For the following acid-base reaction, identify the correct curved arrow mechanism. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V    

Short response: What is the difference between vital capacity and the total lung capacity?

CASE #2: You are seeing a patient who is has recently finished chemotherapy and radiation treatment for cancer. They have not had a dental visit for two years and in completing your assessments, you are seeing several areas of decay. You take bitewing radiographs and two anterior periapical radiographs and suspect that they have areas of decay on the posterior proximal surfaces, at the margins of two crowns, around the fillings on #3 and #31, and on the proximal surfaces of #10 and #11. Use this information to answer the following questions: QUESTION: Which classification would the decay on #10 and #11 be classified as?

What is the ending value of numItems? char myChar = ‘X’; switch (myChar) {   case ‘W’:      numItems = 1;         case ‘X’:      numItems = 2;   case ‘Y’:      numItems = 3;       case ‘Z’:      numItems = 4;}

Most clinicians report a significant majority of their time is spent reviewing journals and textbooks for clinical evidence.

What does each letter stand for in the PICO question format? P =  I =  C =  0 = 

List the five components of creating a “S.M.A.R.T” objective (what each letter stands for)