A 52-year-old man who suffers from angina when he climbs stairs or participates in similar activities receives a prescription for nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate). He is instructed to take a tablet 1 or 2 minutes before he expects to climb stairs to prevent the angina. What is the mechanism of action of nitroglycerin that prevents angina from developing in this patient?

KD is a 63-year-old, 77-kg male with a history of diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease. He is dependent on hemodialysis, and he receives dialysis every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Over the past 6 months, he has become more fatigued overall, and tires much more easily during his daily activities. Therapy was initiated with oral ferrous sulfate 325 mg 3 times daily, but KD’s symptoms have not improved. Over the last two weeks, his hemoglobin and hematocrit levels have been low, and he has required two blood transfusions (one each week) after the Wednesday dialysis sessions. His nephrologist is initiating erythropoietin 8000 units subcutaneously every Wednesday. Which factor(s) is (are) critical to consider prior to initiation of erythropoietin therapy? 

The occurrence of myopathy increases when statin doses of greater than 25% of the maximal dose are used with niacin. 

Which of the following medications should be discontinued in a woman with essential hypertension who is trying to get pregnant?  

ACE inhibitors and ARBs are first-line drugs used at all stages to prevent and slow the progression of heart failure by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

A 67-year-old woman with mild heart failure (LVEF = 45%) has anginal pain with exercise and is prescribed a β adrenergic blocker. What is the rationale underlying the choice of a β adrenergic blocker for this patient? Select all that apply. 

When is the timing of the peak onset of action of insulin glargine?

Case: A 52-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is in your clinic for a 1-month follow-up after having a knee prosthesis removed secondary to a joint infection and osteomyelitis (Staphylococcal aureus). You obtain a CBC, revealing a WBC 8,000/mm3, Hgb 9.5 g/dL, hematocrit 28%, platelet count 450,000/mm3, and MCV 83 fL (normal). Serum iron levels are low with a normal serum transferrin receptor and increased ferritin. Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?

 Biological agents to treat Psoriasis (e.g.: Infliximab or etanercept), work by the blocking the action of:

An elderly man with stage 2 hypertension is taking valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide. He also takes ibuprofen for his arthritis. He monitors his blood pressure daily, and tells you that his blood pressure is often greater than 140/90. What is likely causing these high blood pressure readings?