32.  Members of ___________ gangs are described as double failures because they have not been successful in the legitimate world and have been equally unsuccessful in the illegitimate worlds of organized criminal activity and violence-oriented gangs.

43.  Which of the following is not a form of Hirschi’s first bond, attachment?

47.  __________ theory assumes that for every individual there exists a containing external structure and a protective internal structure, both of which provide defense, protection, or insulation against delinquency.

50.  The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees individuals against:

17.  Merton’s theory of anomie emphasizes cultural aspirations and the institutionalized means to attain the desired ends.

26.  Given the history of policing, the concept of “tithing” referred to a group of ten families who were bound together by a mutual pledge to keep the peace.

21.  Conflict theorists argue that

2.  American policing differs from that found in other countries in its diversity of forces and __________.

14.  Which of the following is not a primary category of police functions?

13.  People who adapt by _________ reject both the cultural goals and the legitimate means to attain those goals and replace them with their own goals and means.