A 45-year-old with OUD on buprenorphine requires surgery. Which perioperative plan best reflects safe, evidence-based practice?

A 76-year-old with depression and insomnia takes multiple medications (antihypertensives, anticoagulant, diabetes meds). The PMHNP considers adding a sedative-hypnotic. Which risk is MOST heightened in older adults and should guide prescribing?

A 55-year-old woman asks why benzodiazepines “calm her down so fast.” You explain that benzodiazepines:

A 9-year-old boy meets DSM-5 criteria for ADHD, combined presentation. Symptoms are impairing at school and home despite behavioral interventions. No cardiac history and normal vitals. Which medication class is considered first-line for ADHD?

A patient starting buprenorphine asks why timing matters. Which property of buprenorphine explains the risk of precipitated withdrawal if started too early?

A 40-year-old man with depression asks why he needs several weeks before feeling better on an SSRI. What is the MOST accurate explanation?

A patient on clozapine presents with fatigue and fever. His ANC returns at 900/µL. What is the MOST appropriate action?

A 16-year-old with ADHD asks how methylphenidate improves focus. Which mechanism best describes methylphenidate’s therapeutic effect?

Broca’s area is responsible for:

Acetylcholine deficits are most associated with: