Explain what introspection and self-consciousness are, the different models of self-consciousness, and explain two different views on what the “self” could be.

P300 is an obligatory, attention dependent response, while MMN is an obligatory, pre-attentive response.

Select all the event-related potentials (ERPs) that are optimally recorded with slower stimulus rates, lower stimulus frequencies, and fewer trials, resulting in higher amplitudes.

Improved Clinical Case: A 9-year-old child is suspected of having CAPD due to reports of difficulty following multi-step verbal instructions, especially when the instructions involve different types of tasks or require processing of verbal stimuli with varying levels of complexity. Her CAPD test results suggest a possible output-organization deficit. This difficulty is evident in her challenges with tasks that require organizing and sequencing verbal information. Given these findings, choose an electrophysiological test that might confirm the presence of this deficit and provide further insight into the child’s auditory processing abilities.  

The ———- response indicates how well the brain forms and decays memories of sounds.

Which of the following best describes how adaptation is reflected in auditory evoked potentials?

Why ASSR is a better predictor of behavioral thresholds at 2 and 4 kHz than at 0.5 and 1 kHz? (HINT: two reasons from ASSR CourseNote)

What are the two types of stimuli used in an oddball paradigm (2 points), and what characteristics must each stimulus have to elicit a reliable event-related potential response (2points)?

Case History Question: An adult patient, aged 28, presents with difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments despite having normal audiometric thresholds. The patient reports no history of ear infections or trauma. The following tests were conducted: ABR (Auditory Brainstem Response): Absent waveforms at all stimulus intensities. OAE (Otoacoustic Emissions): Present and normal at all frequencies. MLR (Middle Latency Response): Abnormal with delayed Na and Pa components. 1) Given these test results and a normal audiogram, what is the most likely diagnosis? (2 points) 2) Explain why the diagnosis you selected is most likely in this case. Discuss the underlying mechanisms related to the test results. (2 points)

Clinical Question: A 7-year-old child is suspected to have CAPD based on behavioral assessments and reports of difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments. CAPD test results indicate a higher likelihood of a decoding deficit. Which ERPs would be most appropriate to confirm the presence of a decoding deficit in this child?