A patient receiving mechanical ventilation has a peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) of 60 cmH₂O, a plateau pressure of 45 cmH₂O, and a flow rate of 60 L/min. Calculate the airway resistance (RAW) and determine if it falls within normal range. You must have the correct unit of measurement to get full points.

A patient has a PTA of 5 cmH20. Three hours later, the high-alarm pressure activates. The patient’s PTA is now 14 cmH20. What is the most likely cause of this change?

Comprehensive Ventilator Management Essay — Choose ONE Scenario Choose ONE of the following clinical scenarios. In 4–6 well‑organized sentences, demonstrate your ability to integrate assessment, ventilator strategy, physiologic reasoning, and decision‑making. Your answer must address all required elements listed for your chosen case.OPTION # 1 – ARDS on Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. Discuss:• Your PEEP/FiO₂ strategy based on severity• Driving pressure considerations and safe limits• When and why you would initiate prone positioningOPTION # 2 – COPD on NIV. Discuss:• How you would titrate IPAP/EPAP• How you manage oxygen titration in hypercapnia‑risk patients• What CO₂ trends would make you escalate to intubationOPTION # 3 – Neuro/ICP on VC-CMV. Discuss:• Appropriate minute ventilation targets• When temporary hyperventilation is acceptable and its safe limits• The hemodynamic effects of PPV in elevated ICPOPTION # 4 – Post operative CABG Weaning. Discuss:• RSBI, tidal volume, and rate expectations• How you interpret CO and CI in readiness assessments• Your extubation readiness decision and post‑extubation support choiceOPTION # 5 – RDS non responsive to conventional ventilation. Discuss:• When you would escalate to HFOV or HFJV• When NAVA or APRV may be preferred (and why)• The first parameter(s) you would adjust when gas exchange fails to improve

A patient is on the following ventilator settings: PSV with PS 20 cmH2O   PEEP 5 cmH2O   FiO2 0.4 The patient is breathing about 14 BPM with tidal volumes averaging 575 mL and corresponding ABG results are as follows: pH 7.42   PaCO2 38 mmHg   PaO2 94 mmHg   SaO2 98%   HCO3– 24 mEq/L. What is the most appropriate recommendation?

Which of the following quantitative, bacteriological methods of obtaining cultures has demonstrated a significant improvement in the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of VAP?

Using the optimal PEEP study below, determine the most appropriate level of PEEP.  Picture7.png 

For questions 36-39, refer to the following ventilator waveforms generated during PC-CMV: Picture4.1(1).pngPicture4.2(1).png   Approximately, what is the PEF?

Based on the below ventilator graphics, what is this mode? Picture8.png 

A patient has a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute and a tidal volume of 300 mL. Calculate the RSBI and determine if the patient is ready for weaning from mechanical ventilation. You must have the correct unit of measurement to get full points.

For questions 36-39, refer to the following ventilator waveforms generated during PC-CMV: Picture4.1(3).pngPicture4.2(3).png What is the most likely interpreation of these scalers?