A 44-year-old patient with asthma presents with cough and wheezing after a viral respiratory illness. She is speaking in full sentences, oxygen saturation is 96%, and peak expiratory flow is 72% of her personal best. Symptoms improve after an inhaled short-acting bronchodilator. Which disposition is most appropriate?

A 71-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction reports increasing dyspnea for 4 days. He has no increased cough or sputum. Which examination finding would most strongly support heart failure rather than COPD exacerbation?

A 58-year-old woman has repeated BP measurements around 166/96 mm Hg despite taking two prescribed antihypertensive medications. Before adding another medication, which information is most important to obtain?

A 42-year-old woman has intensely pruritic papules involving the wrists, finger webs, and waistband. Her spouse recently developed similar symptoms. Which management plan is most appropriate?

A 74-year-old man with COPD reports increasing fatigue and dyspnea. He has no increased cough, sputum, or wheezing. Pulse is irregular at 138/min, BP 108/68 mm Hg, and lungs are clear. Which finding should most strongly redirect the evaluation away from COPD exacerbation?

A 68-year-old woman has had two episodes of lower-leg cellulitis within 6 months. The infection has resolved. Examination reveals chronic leg edema and interdigital scaling with fissures. Which intervention is most important for reducing recurrence?

A 36-year-old contact lens wearer has eye pain and photophobia after sleeping in her lenses. Fluorescein examination demonstrates a corneal epithelial defect without infiltrate. Which treatment is most appropriate?

When is the actual method chosen for execution during the process of dynamic polymorphism?

What is the primary risk of downcasting a reference without performing an explicit type check?

What defines a class as ‘abstract’ in C++?